feat(client-telemetry-utils): Retain inner error as cause when wrapping errors (microsoft#25485)

but do not log [`cause` property](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/cause) itself.

Author: jason-ha

.changeset/nasty-dots-dress.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"@fluidframework/telemetry-utils": minor
+"__section": legacy
+---
+Wrapped errors preserved as `cause` property
+
+`IFluidErrorBase` (internal basis for FluidFramework client errors) declares `cause` property matching ES2022 lib (whether targeted or not). When an error is wrapped, `cause` will be set to the originating error (which may or may not itself be an `Error`).

packages/utils/telemetry-utils/src/errorLogging.ts

@@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ export function wrapError<T extends LoggingError>(
 
 	const newError = newErrorFn(message);
 
+	newError.cause = innerError;
+
 	if (stack !== undefined) {
 		overwriteStack(newError, stack);
 	}
@@ -394,6 +396,8 @@ export class LoggingError
 	extends Error
 	implements ILoggingError, Omit<IFluidErrorBase, "errorType">
 {
+	public cause?: unknown;
+
 	private _errorInstanceId = uuid();
 	public get errorInstanceId(): string {
 		return this._errorInstanceId;
@@ -418,6 +422,9 @@ export class LoggingError
 		// Don't log this list itself, or the private _errorInstanceId
 		omitPropsFromLogging.add("omitPropsFromLogging");
 		omitPropsFromLogging.add("_errorInstanceId");
+		// Nor log the unknown cause property, which could be anything.
+		// Core elements of "cause" are already promoted by wrapError.
+		omitPropsFromLogging.add("cause");
 
 		if (props) {
 			this.addTelemetryProperties(props);

packages/utils/telemetry-utils/src/fluidErrorBase.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,20 @@ export interface IFluidErrorBase extends Error {
 	 */
 	readonly errorInstanceId: string;
 
+	/**
+	 * When present, inner error that caused this error.
+	 *
+	 * @remarks
+	 * This will often be an {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error|Error}, but could be any type.
+	 *
+	 * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/cause
+	 *
+	 * @privateRemarks
+	 * The "cause" field is added in ES2022. Using it even without that built-in support, is still helpful.
+	 * TODO: remove this declaration (use `Error.cause` property) when targeting ES2022 lib or later.
+	 */
+	cause?: unknown;
+
 	/**
 	 * Get the telemetry properties stashed on this error for logging.
 	 */

packages/utils/telemetry-utils/src/test/errorLogging.spec.ts

@@ -983,14 +983,25 @@ const createTestError = (
 	});
 
 describe("wrapError", () => {
-	it("Copy message, stack, and props", () => {
+	it("Copy `message`, `stack`, and `props`", () => {
 		const innerError = new LoggingError("hello", { someProp: 123 });
 		innerError.stack = "extra special stack";
 		const newError = wrapError(innerError, createTestError);
 		assert.equal(newError.message, innerError.message, "messages should match");
 		assert.equal(newError.stack, innerError.stack, "stacks should match");
 		assert.equal(newError.getTelemetryProperties().someProp, 123, "Props should be preserved");
 	});
+	it("retains inner error as `cause` but does not promote it", () => {
+		const innerError = new LoggingError("hello", { someProp: 123 });
+		innerError.stack = "extra special stack";
+		const newError = wrapError(innerError, createTestError);
+		assert.strictEqual(newError.cause, innerError, "`cause` should be innerError");
+		assert.equal(
+			newError.getTelemetryProperties().cause,
+			undefined,
+			"`cause` should NOT be a telemetry property",
+		);
+	});
 	it("Include matching errorInstanceId and innerErrorInstanceId in telemetry props", () => {
 		const innerError = new LoggingError("hello");
 		const newError = wrapError(innerError, createTestError);