AnymailMessage: initialize anymail_status to empty AnymailStatus

Allows clients that use AnymailMessage or AnymailMessageMixin
to access (e.g.) message.anymail_status.message_id without
an AttributeError, even when using a non-Anymail backend
(e.g., during testing).

Also clarify docs of anymail_status attribute to note it only gets
attached to a normal Django EmailMessage when sent through
an Anymail backend.

(May help with situation described in #36)

Author: medmunds

anymail/message.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.template_id = kwargs.pop('template_id', UNSET)
         self.merge_data = kwargs.pop('merge_data', UNSET)
         self.merge_global_data = kwargs.pop('merge_global_data', UNSET)
-        self.anymail_status = None
+        self.anymail_status = AnymailStatus()
 
         # noinspection PyArgumentList
         super(AnymailMessageMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

docs/sending/anymail_additions.rst

@@ -212,6 +212,19 @@ ESP send status
     :class:`~django.core.mail.EmailMessage`, with a normalized version
     of the ESP's response.
 
+    Anymail backends create this attribute *as they process each message.*
+    Before that, anymail_status won't be present on an ordinary Django
+    EmailMessage or EmailMultiAlternatives---you'll get an :exc:`AttributeError`
+    if you try to access it.
+
+    This might cause problems in your test cases, because Django
+    `substitutes its own locmem email backend`_ during testing (so anymail_status
+    won't be set even after sending). Your code should either guard against
+    a missing anymail_status attribute, or use :class:`AnymailMessage`
+    (or the :class:`AnymailMessageMixin`) which initializes its anymail_status
+    attribute to a default AnymailStatus object.
+
+    After sending through an Anymail backend,
     :attr:`~AnymailMessage.anymail_status` will be an object with these attributes:
 
     .. attribute:: message_id
@@ -308,6 +321,10 @@ ESP send status
             message.anymail_status.esp_response.json()
 
 
+.. _substitutes its own locmem email backend:
+   https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/testing/tools/#email-services
+
+
 .. _inline-images:
 
 Inline images