GH-858: Fix error handling in CompositeJdbcConsumer (#857)

## What's Changed

Turns out not all MinorTypes have a corresponding ArrowType, which can
cause the following exception while handling the original exception:

```
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Cannot get simple type for type DECIMAL
	at org.apache.arrow.vector.types.Types$MinorType.getType(Types.java:815)
	at org.apache.arrow.adapter.jdbc.consumer.CompositeJdbcConsumer.consume(CompositeJdbcConsumer.java:49)
```

This PR changes the value we store in the exception to be the
`MinorType` instead so we can still get useful info about the type but
avoiding this possible exception.

Closes #858.

Author: aiguofer

adapter/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/jdbc/consumer/CompositeJdbcConsumer.java

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 import org.apache.arrow.util.AutoCloseables;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.ValueVector;
 import org.apache.arrow.vector.VectorSchemaRoot;
-import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
 
 /** Composite consumer which hold all consumers. It manages the consume and cleanup process. */
 public class CompositeJdbcConsumer implements JdbcConsumer {
@@ -46,9 +45,9 @@ public void consume(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException, IOException {
           BaseConsumer consumer = (BaseConsumer) consumers[i];
           JdbcFieldInfo fieldInfo =
               new JdbcFieldInfo(rs.getMetaData(), consumer.columnIndexInResultSet);
-          ArrowType arrowType = consumer.vector.getMinorType().getType();
+
           throw new JdbcConsumerException(
-              "Exception while consuming JDBC value", e, fieldInfo, arrowType);
+              "Exception while consuming JDBC value", e, fieldInfo, consumer.vector.getField());
         } else {
           throw e;
         }

adapter/jdbc/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/jdbc/consumer/exceptions/JdbcConsumerException.java

@@ -17,33 +17,33 @@
 package org.apache.arrow.adapter.jdbc.consumer.exceptions;
 
 import org.apache.arrow.adapter.jdbc.JdbcFieldInfo;
-import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
+import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.Field;
 
 /**
  * Exception while consuming JDBC data. This exception stores the JdbcFieldInfo for the column and
  * the ArrowType for the corresponding vector for easier debugging.
  */
 public class JdbcConsumerException extends RuntimeException {
   final JdbcFieldInfo fieldInfo;
-  final ArrowType arrowType;
+  final Field field;
 
   /**
    * Construct JdbcConsumerException with all fields.
    *
    * @param message error message
    * @param cause original exception
    * @param fieldInfo JdbcFieldInfo for the column
-   * @param arrowType ArrowType for the corresponding vector
+   * @param field ArrowType for the corresponding vector
    */
   public JdbcConsumerException(
-      String message, Throwable cause, JdbcFieldInfo fieldInfo, ArrowType arrowType) {
+      String message, Throwable cause, JdbcFieldInfo fieldInfo, Field field) {
     super(message, cause);
     this.fieldInfo = fieldInfo;
-    this.arrowType = arrowType;
+    this.field = field;
   }
 
-  public ArrowType getArrowType() {
-    return this.arrowType;
+  public Field getField() {
+    return this.field;
   }
 
   public JdbcFieldInfo getFieldInfo() {