bump absl version

Author: jonkeane

cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 # `DEPENDENCIES` array (see the comment on top of the declaration for the
 # format).
 
-ARROW_ABSL_BUILD_VERSION=20211102.0
-ARROW_ABSL_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=dcf71b9cba8dc0ca9940c4b316a0c796be8fab42b070bb6b7cab62b48f0e66c4
+ARROW_ABSL_BUILD_VERSION=20250512.1
+ARROW_ABSL_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=9b7a064305e9fd94d124ffa6cc358592eb42b5da588fb4e07d09254aa40086db
 ARROW_AWS_C_AUTH_BUILD_VERSION=v0.9.0
 ARROW_AWS_C_AUTH_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=aa6e98864fefb95c249c100da4ae7aed36ba13a8a91415791ec6fad20bec0427
 ARROW_AWS_C_CAL_BUILD_VERSION=v0.9.2