GH-46719: [R] Add 32 and 64 bit Decimal types (#46720)

### Rationale for this change

32 and 64 bit Decimal types were added in C++ in #43957 but haven't been implemented in R yet

### What changes are included in this PR?

Implements them in R

### Are these changes tested?

Yup

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yeah, new types but also the implicit downcasting so we should think about how to communicate this if at all

* GitHub Issue: #46719

Authored-by: Nic Crane <thisisnic@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Nic Crane <thisisnic@gmail.com>

Author: thisisnic

cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/vector_selection_filter_internal.cc

@@ -1096,6 +1096,8 @@ void PopulateFilterKernels(std::vector<SelectionKernelData>* out) {
       {InputType(match::LargeBinaryLike()), plain_filter, BinaryFilterExec},
       {InputType(null()), plain_filter, NullFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY), plain_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
+      {InputType(Type::DECIMAL32), plain_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
+      {InputType(Type::DECIMAL64), plain_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DECIMAL128), plain_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DECIMAL256), plain_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DICTIONARY), plain_filter, DictionaryFilterExec},
@@ -1116,6 +1118,8 @@ void PopulateFilterKernels(std::vector<SelectionKernelData>* out) {
       {InputType(match::LargeBinaryLike()), ree_filter, BinaryFilterExec},
       {InputType(null()), ree_filter, NullFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY), ree_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
+      {InputType(Type::DECIMAL32), ree_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
+      {InputType(Type::DECIMAL64), ree_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DECIMAL128), ree_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DECIMAL256), ree_filter, PrimitiveFilterExec},
       {InputType(Type::DICTIONARY), ree_filter, DictionaryFilterExec},

r/NAMESPACE

@@ -319,6 +319,8 @@ export(date64)
 export(decimal)
 export(decimal128)
 export(decimal256)
+export(decimal32)
+export(decimal64)
 export(default_memory_pool)
 export(dictionary)
 export(duration)

r/R/arrowExports.R

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ common_type <- function(exprs) {
 
 cast_or_parse <- function(x, type) {
   to_type_id <- type$id
-  if (to_type_id %in% c(Type[["DECIMAL128"]], Type[["DECIMAL256"]])) {
+  if (to_type_id %in% c(Type[["DECIMAL32"]], Type[["DECIMAL64"]], Type[["DECIMAL128"]], Type[["DECIMAL256"]])) {
     # TODO: determine the minimum size of decimal (or integer) required to
     # accommodate x
     # We would like to keep calculations on decimal if that's what the data has

r/R/dplyr-funcs-simple.R

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ register_bindings_type_inspect <- function() {
     is.numeric(x) || (inherits(x, "Expression") && x$type_id() %in% Type[c(
       "UINT8", "INT8", "UINT16", "INT16", "UINT32", "INT32",
       "UINT64", "INT64", "HALF_FLOAT", "FLOAT", "DOUBLE",
-      "DECIMAL128", "DECIMAL256"
+      "DECIMAL32", "DECIMAL64", "DECIMAL128", "DECIMAL256"
     )])
   })
   register_binding("base::is.double", function(x) {

r/R/dplyr-funcs-type.R

@@ -80,17 +80,23 @@ Type <- enum("Type::type",
   LARGE_BINARY = 35L,
   LARGE_LIST = 36L,
   INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO = 37L,
-  RUN_END_ENCODED = 38L
+  RUN_END_ENCODED = 38L,
+  STRING_VIEW = 39L,
+  BINARY_VIEW = 40L,
+  LIST_VIEW = 41L,
+  LARGE_LIST_VIEW = 42L,
+  DECIMAL32 = 43L,
+  DECIMAL64 = 44L
 )
 
 TYPES_WITH_NAN <- Type[c("HALF_FLOAT", "FLOAT", "DOUBLE")]
 TYPES_NUMERIC <- Type[
   c(
     "INT8", "UINT8", "INT16", "UINT16", "INT32", "UINT32",
     "INT64", "UINT64", "HALF_FLOAT", "FLOAT", "DOUBLE",
-    "DECIMAL128", "DECIMAL256"
-    )
-  ]
+    "DECIMAL32", "DECIMAL64", "DECIMAL128", "DECIMAL256"
+  )
+]
 
 #' @rdname enums
 #' @export

r/R/enums.R

@@ -300,6 +300,10 @@ DecimalType <- R6Class("DecimalType",
   )
 )
 
+Decimal32Type <- R6Class("Decimal32Type", inherit = DecimalType)
+
+Decimal64Type <- R6Class("Decimal64Type", inherit = DecimalType)
+
 Decimal128Type <- R6Class("Decimal128Type", inherit = DecimalType)
 
 Decimal256Type <- R6Class("Decimal256Type", inherit = DecimalType)
@@ -586,11 +590,29 @@ decimal <- function(precision, scale) {
 
   if (args$precision > 38) {
     decimal256(args$precision, args$scale)
-  } else {
+  } else if (args$precision > 18) {
     decimal128(args$precision, args$scale)
+  } else if (args$precision > 9) {
+    decimal64(args$precision, args$scale)
+  } else {
+    decimal32(args$precision, args$scale)
   }
 }
 
+#' @rdname data-type
+#' @export
+decimal32 <- function(precision, scale) {
+  args <- check_decimal_args(precision, scale)
+  Decimal32Type__initialize(args$precision, args$scale)
+}
+
+#' @rdname data-type
+#' @export
+decimal64 <- function(precision, scale) {
+  args <- check_decimal_args(precision, scale)
+  Decimal64Type__initialize(args$precision, args$scale)
+}
+
 #' @rdname data-type
 #' @export
 decimal128 <- function(precision, scale) {
@@ -768,6 +790,8 @@ canonical_type_str <- function(type_str) {
     time64 = "time64",
     null = "null",
     timestamp = "timestamp",
+    decimal32 = "decimal32",
+    decimal64 = "decimal64",
     decimal128 = "decimal128",
     decimal256 = "decimal256",
     struct = "struct",

r/R/type.R

@@ -1313,6 +1313,12 @@ std::shared_ptr<Converter> Converter::Make(
         return std::make_shared<arrow::r::Converter_Int64>(chunked_array);
       }
 
+    case Type::DECIMAL32:
+      return std::make_shared<arrow::r::Converter_Decimal<Decimal32Type>>(chunked_array);
+
+    case Type::DECIMAL64:
+      return std::make_shared<arrow::r::Converter_Decimal<Decimal64Type>>(chunked_array);
+
     case Type::DECIMAL128:
       return std::make_shared<arrow::r::Converter_Decimal<Decimal128Type>>(chunked_array);