GH-46041: [Python][Packaging] Temporary remove pandas from being installed on free-threaded Windows wheel tests (#46042)

### Rationale for this change

Pandas is currently not providing nightly wheels for free-threaded wheels. It has been failing for a while on their nightly channels and built wheels have been removed. Building from source fails on our free-threaded job. In order to provide our pyarrow Windows free-threaded wheels for 20.0.0 we temporarily disable installing pandas and testing pandas on free-threaded.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Temporarily disable pandas from being installed and tested on the Windows free-threaded wheel.

### Are these changes tested?

Via archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No

* GitHub Issue: #46041

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <[email protected]>

Author: raulcd

ci/docker/python-free-threaded-wheel-windows-test-vs2022.dockerfile

@@ -38,12 +38,15 @@ SHELL ["cmd", "/S", "/C"]
 RUN %PYTHON_CMD% -m pip install -U pip setuptools
 
 COPY python/requirements-wheel-test.txt C:/arrow/python/
+# Temporarily remove pandas from the requirements, see https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/46041
+RUN findstr /V "pandas" C:\arrow\python\requirements-wheel-test.txt > C:\arrow\python\filtered-requirements-wheel-test.txt
 # Cython and Pandas wheels for 3.13 free-threaded are not released yet
+# hadolint ignore=DL3059
 RUN %PYTHON_CMD% -m pip install \
     --extra-index-url https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple \
     --pre \
     --prefer-binary \
-    -r C:/arrow/python/requirements-wheel-test.txt
+    -r C:/arrow/python/filtered-requirements-wheel-test.txt
 # cffi-based tests would crash when importing cffi.
 # hadolint ignore=DL3059
 RUN %PYTHON_CMD% -m pip uninstall -y cffi

ci/scripts/python_wheel_windows_test.bat

@@ -25,7 +25,13 @@ set PYARROW_TEST_GANDIVA=OFF
 set PYARROW_TEST_GCS=ON
 set PYARROW_TEST_HDFS=ON
 set PYARROW_TEST_ORC=ON
-set PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS=ON
+@REM Temporarily skip pandas for free-threaded tests.
+@REM See https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/46041
+if "%PYTHON_CMD%" neq "py -3.13t" (
+    set PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS=ON
+) else (
+    echo "Skip PYARROW_TEST_PANDAS for free-threaded"
+)
 set PYARROW_TEST_PARQUET=ON
 set PYARROW_TEST_PARQUET_ENCRYPTION=ON
 set PYARROW_TEST_SUBSTRAIT=ON