GH-46745: [C++] Update bundled Boost to 1.88.0 and Apache Thrift to 0.22.0 (#46912)

### Rationale for this change

Bundled Boost 1.81.0 and Apache Thrift 0.22.0 are old.

It's difficult to upgrade only Boost because Apache Thrift depends on Boost. So this PR updates bundled Boost and Apache Thrift. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Update bundled Boost:
  * Use CMake based build instead of b2
  * Use FetchContent not ExternalProject 
  * Stop using our trimmed Boost source archive
* Update bundled Apache Thrift:
  * Use FetchContent not ExternalProject 

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* GitHub Issue: #46745
* GitHub Issue: #46740

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>

Author: kou

.env

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ UBUNTU=22.04
 
 # Default versions for various dependencies
 CLANG_TOOLS=14
-CMAKE=3.25.0
+CMAKE=3.26.0
 CUDA=11.7.1
 DASK=latest
 DOTNET=8.0