GH-47395: [R] Update fedora-clang to install latest clang version to match CRAN setup (#47206)

### Rationale for this change

Unnecessary warnings causing noise

### What changes are included in this PR?

Suppress warnings

### Are these changes tested?

Nope though I'll test on CI once we get a job with the right version of clang created

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Well...no.
* GitHub Issue: #47395

Lead-authored-by: Nic Crane <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Nic Crane <[email protected]>

Author: thisisnic

ci/docker/linux-r.dockerfile

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ ENV R_PRUNE_DEPS=${r_prune_deps}
 ARG r_custom_ccache=false
 ENV R_CUSTOM_CCACHE=${r_custom_ccache}
 
+ARG r_update_clang=false
+ENV R_UPDATE_CLANG=${r_update_clang}
+
 ARG tz="UTC"
 ENV TZ=${tz}
 

ci/scripts/r_docker_configure.sh

@@ -75,5 +75,17 @@ fi
 # cmake is now a listed sys req.
 $PACKAGE_MANAGER install -y rsync cmake curl
 
+# Update clang version to latest available.
+# This is only for rhub/clang20. If we change the base image from rhub/clang20,
+# we need to update this part too.
+if [ "$R_UPDATE_CLANG" = true ]; then
+  apt update -y
+  apt install -y gnupg
+  curl -fsSL https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/llvm.gpg
+  echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/jammy/ llvm-toolchain-jammy-20 main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm20.list
+  apt update -y
+  apt install -y clang-20 lld-20
+fi
+
 # Workaround for html help install failure; see https://github.com/r-lib/devtools/issues/2084#issuecomment-530912786
 Rscript -e 'x <- file.path(R.home("doc"), "html"); if (!file.exists(x)) {dir.create(x, recursive=TRUE); file.copy(system.file("html/R.css", package="stats"), x)}'

dev/tasks/r/github.linux.cran.yml

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ jobs:
   as-cran:
     name: "rhub/{{ '${{ matrix.config.r_image }}' }}"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 45
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -32,12 +33,13 @@ jobs:
           - { r_image: "ubuntu-clang" }  # ~ r-devel-linux-x86_64-debian-clang
           - { r_image: "ubuntu-next" }  # ~ r-patched-linux-x86_64
           - { r_image: "ubuntu-release" }  # ~ r-release-linux-x86_64
-          - { r_image: "clang20", skip_vignettes: true }  # ~ r-devel-linux-x86_64-fedora-clang
+          - { r_image: "clang20", skip_vignettes: true, r_update_clang: true }  # ~ r-devel-linux-x86_64-fedora-clang
     env:
       R_ORG: "rhub"
       R_IMAGE: {{ '${{ matrix.config.r_image }}' }}
       R_TAG: "latest"
       ARROW_R_DEV: "FALSE"
+      R_UPDATE_CLANG: {{ '${{ matrix.config.r_update_clang }}' }}
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
       {{ macros.github_install_archery()|indent }}

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1631,6 +1631,7 @@ services:
         tz: ${TZ}
         r_prune_deps: ${R_PRUNE_DEPS}
         r_custom_ccache: ${R_CUSTOM_CCACHE}
+        r_update_clang: ${R_UPDATE_CLANG}
     shm_size: *shm-size
     environment:
       <<: [*common, *sccache]

r/configure

@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ if [ "$_LIBARROW_FOUND" != "false" ] && [ "$_LIBARROW_FOUND" != "" ]; then
     set_pkg_vars ${_LIBARROW_FOUND}
   fi
 else
-  # To make it easier to debug which code path was taken add a specific 
+  # To make it easier to debug which code path was taken add a specific
   # message to the log in addition to the 'NOTE'
   echo "*** Failed to find Arrow C++ libraries."
 fi