GH-45183: [C++][Release] Add llvm-dev back to setup-ubuntu.sh (#45184)

### Rationale for this change

Fixes verification nightly jobs. See #45183.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Updates dev/release/setup-ubuntu.sh to re-add llvm-dev as an installed package.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, locally (via `archery docker run....`)

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

Closes #45183 
* GitHub Issue: #45183

Authored-by: Bryce Mecum <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>

Author: amoeba

dev/release/setup-ubuntu.sh

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ apt-get install -y -q --no-install-recommends \
   libglib2.0-dev \
   libsqlite3-dev \
   libssl-dev \
+  llvm-dev \
   ninja-build \
   nlohmann-json3-dev \
   pkg-config \