GH-47370: [Python] Require Cython 3.1 (#47396)

### Rationale for this change

Upgrading Cython to version 3.1

### What changes are included in this PR?

Replace all mentions of earlier versions with 3.1

### Are these changes tested?

Nah but I'll run CI

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Only if they're using Cython < 3.1
* GitHub Issue: #47370

Authored-by: Nic Crane <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: AlenkaF <[email protected]>

Author: thisisnic

.github/workflows/dev.yml

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           gem install test-unit
-          pip install "cython>=3" setuptools pytest requests setuptools-scm
+          pip install "cython>=3.1" setuptools pytest requests setuptools-scm
       - name: Run Release Test
         shell: bash
         run: |

ci/conda_env_python.txt

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # Not a direct dependency of s3fs, but needed for our s3fs fixture
 boto3
 cffi
-cython>=3
+cython>=3.1
 cloudpickle
 fsspec
 hypothesis

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 [build-system]
 requires = [
-    "cython >= 3",
+    "cython >= 3.1",
     # Starting with NumPy 1.25, NumPy is (by default) as far back compatible
     # as oldest-support-numpy was (customizable with a NPY_TARGET_VERSION
     # define).  For older Python versions (where NumPy 1.25 is not yet available)

python/requirements-build.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cython>=3
+cython>=3.1
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14; python_version<'3.9'
 numpy>=1.25; python_version>='3.9'
 setuptools_scm>=8

python/requirements-wheel-build.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cython>=3
+cython>=3.1
 oldest-supported-numpy>=0.14; python_version<'3.9'
 numpy>=2.0.0; python_version>='3.9'
 setuptools_scm

python/setup.py

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
 )
 
 
-if Cython.__version__ < '3':
+if Cython.__version__ < '3.1':
     raise Exception(
-        'Please update your Cython version. Supported Cython >= 3')
+        'Please update your Cython version. Supported Cython >= 3.1')
 
 setup_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))