GH-36598: [C++][MinGW] Fix build failure with Protobuf 23.4 (#36606)

### Rationale for this change

There are 2 problems:

* `FindProtobuf.cmake` provided by CMake is incomplete with Protobuf 23.4.
* Misses `-DPROTOBUF_USE_DLLS` for building Substrait related files.

### What changes are included in this PR?

* We need to use `protobuf-config.cmake` provided by Protobuf instead of `FindProtobuf.cmake` provided by CMake because `FindProtobuf.cmake` misses `absl::status` dependency.
* Accept Protobuf 23.4.
* Use `PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS` when we build Substrait related files.
* Use `Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS` instead of `Boost_INCLUDE_DIR` because `Boost_INCLUDE_DIR` isn't defined in `BoostConfig.cmake`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #36598

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <[email protected]>

Author: kou

.github/workflows/cpp.yml

@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ jobs:
       CMAKE_ARGS: >-
         -DARROW_PACKAGE_PREFIX=/${{ matrix.msystem_lower}}
         -DBoost_NO_BOOST_CMAKE=ON
+        -DCMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_PREFER_CONFIG=ON
       # We can't use unity build because we don't have enough memory on
       # GitHub Actions.
       # CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD: ON

.github/workflows/ruby.yml

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ jobs:
       CMAKE_ARGS: >-
         -DARROW_PACKAGE_PREFIX=/ucrt${{ matrix.mingw-n-bits }}
         -DBoost_NO_BOOST_CMAKE=ON
+        -DCMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_PREFER_CONFIG=ON
       CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD: ON
     steps:
       - name: Disable Crash Dialogs

cpp/cmake_modules/FindProtobufAlt.cmake

@@ -30,3 +30,10 @@ if(ProtobufAlt_FIND_QUIETLY)
 endif()
 find_package(Protobuf ${find_package_args})
 set(ProtobufAlt_FOUND ${Protobuf_FOUND})
+if(ProtobufAlt_FOUND)
+  set(ProtobufAlt_VERSION ${Protobuf_VERSION})
+  set(ProtobufAlt_VERSION_MAJOR ${Protobuf_VERSION_MAJOR})
+  set(ProtobufAlt_VERSION_MINOR ${Protobuf_VERSION_MINOR})
+  set(ProtobufAlt_VERSION_PATCH ${Protobuf_VERSION_PATCH})
+  set(ProtobufAlt_VERSION_TWEEK ${Protobuf_VERSION_TWEEK})
+endif()

cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ if(ARROW_USE_BOOST)
     target_compile_definitions(Boost::headers INTERFACE "BOOST_USE_WINDOWS_H=1")
   endif()
 
-  message(STATUS "Boost include dir: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+  message(STATUS "Boost include dir: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
 endif()
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1710,7 +1710,17 @@ if(ARROW_WITH_PROTOBUF)
   else()
     set(ARROW_PROTOBUF_REQUIRED_VERSION "2.6.1")
   endif()
+  # We need to use FORCE_ANY_NEWER_VERSION here to accept Protobuf
+  # newer version such as 23.4. If we don't use it, 23.4 is processed
+  # as an incompatible version with 3.12.0 with protobuf-config.cmake
+  # provided by Protobuf. Because protobuf-config-version.cmake
+  # requires the same major version. In the example, "23" for 23.4 and
+  # "3" for 3.12.0 are different. So 23.4 is rejected with 3.12.0. If
+  # we use FORCE_ANY_NEWER_VERSION here, we can bypass the check and
+  # use 23.4.
   resolve_dependency(Protobuf
+                     FORCE_ANY_NEWER_VERSION
+                     TRUE
                      HAVE_ALT
                      TRUE
                      REQUIRED_VERSION
@@ -1853,7 +1863,7 @@ macro(build_substrait)
   add_library(substrait STATIC ${SUBSTRAIT_SOURCES})
   set_target_properties(substrait PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
   target_include_directories(substrait PUBLIC ${SUBSTRAIT_INCLUDES})
-  target_link_libraries(substrait INTERFACE ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+  target_link_libraries(substrait PUBLIC ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
   add_dependencies(substrait substrait_gen)
 
   list(APPEND ARROW_BUNDLED_STATIC_LIBS substrait)

cpp/src/gandiva/precompiled/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ foreach(SRC_FILE ${PRECOMPILED_SRCS})
        -I${ARROW_BINARY_DIR}/src)
 
   if(NOT ARROW_USE_NATIVE_INT128)
-    list(APPEND PRECOMPILE_COMMAND -I${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
+    foreach(boost_include_dir ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+      list(APPEND PRECOMPILE_COMMAND -I${boost_include_dir})
+    endforeach()
   endif()
   add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${BC_FILE}
                      COMMAND ${PRECOMPILE_COMMAND}