GH-47052: [CI][C++] Use Alpine Linux 3.22 instead of 3.18 (#47148)

### Rationale for this change

Alpine Linux 3.18 is currently deprecated.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update version of Alpine Linux.

### Are these changes tested?

Via CI

* GitHub Issue: #47052

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>

Author: raulcd

.env

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ ULIMIT_CORE=-1
 
 # Default versions for platforms
 ALMALINUX=8
-ALPINE_LINUX=3.18
+ALPINE_LINUX=3.22
 DEBIAN=12
 FEDORA=42
 UBUNTU=22.04

…/docker/alpine-linux-3.18-cpp.dockerfile …/docker/alpine-linux-3.22-cpp.dockerfileci/docker/alpine-linux-3.18-cpp.dockerfile renamed to ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.22-cpp.dockerfile ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.18-cpp.dockerfile renamed to ci/docker/alpine-linux-3.22-cpp.dockerfile

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # under the License.
 
 ARG arch=amd64
-FROM ${arch}/alpine:3.18
+FROM ${arch}/alpine:3.22
 
 RUN apk add \
         apache-orc-dev \
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ RUN apk add \
         grpc-dev \
         gtest-dev \
         libxml2-dev \
-        llvm16-dev \
-        llvm16-static \
+        llvm-dev \
+        llvm-gtest \
+        llvm-static \
         lz4-dev \
         make \
         musl-locales \

cpp/src/arrow/dataset/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -191,8 +191,7 @@ if(ARROW_JSON)
 endif()
 
 if(ARROW_ORC)
-  add_arrow_dataset_test(file_orc_test EXTRA_LINK_LIBS ${ARROW_DATASET_TEST_LINK_LIBS}
-                         orc::orc)
+  add_arrow_dataset_test(file_orc_test EXTRA_LINK_LIBS ${ARROW_DATASET_TEST_LINK_LIBS})
 endif()
 
 if(ARROW_PARQUET)

docker-compose.yml

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ services:
     #   docker compose build alpine-linux-cpp
     #   docker compose run --rm alpine-linux-cpp
     # Parameters:
-    #   ALPINE_LINUX: 3.18
+    #   ALPINE_LINUX: 3.22
     #   ARCH: amd64, arm64v8, ...
     image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-alpine-linux-${ALPINE_LINUX}-cpp
     build: