GH-35946: [CI][Packaging] Free up more disk space for Linux packages (#35947)

### Rationale for this change
Fix some Linux packaging jobs that fail due to out of space

### What changes are included in this PR?
Cleaning up some more cache

### Are these changes tested?
With crossbow jobs

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* Closes: #35946

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>

Author: raulcd

dev/tasks/linux-packages/github.linux.yml

@@ -38,13 +38,37 @@ jobs:
           env.ARCHITECTURE == 'amd64'
         run: |
           df -h
+          du -hsc /opt/* /usr/local/*
           du -hsc /opt/hostedtoolcache/*
+          du -hs /usr/local/bin
+          # ~1GB (From 1.2GB to 214MB)
+          sudo rm  -rf /usr/local/bin/aliyun \
+                /usr/local/bin/azcopy \
+                /usr/local/bin/bicep \
+                /usr/local/bin/cmake-gui \
+                /usr/local/bin/cpack \
+                /usr/local/bin/helm \
+                /usr/local/bin/hub \
+                /usr/local/bin/kubectl \
+                /usr/local/bin/minikube \
+                /usr/local/bin/node \
+                /usr/local/bin/packer \
+                /usr/local/bin/pulumi* \
+                /usr/local/bin/stack \
+                /usr/local/bin/terraform
+          du -hs /usr/local/bin
+          du -hs /usr/local/share
+          # 1.3GB
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share/powershell
+          du -hs /usr/local/share
           # 5.3GB
           sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL || :
           # 1.4GB
           sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/go || :
           # 489MB
           sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/PyPy || :
+          # 1.2GB
+          sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/Python || :
           # 376MB
           sudo rm -rf /opt/hostedtoolcache/node || :
           df -h