GH-48433: [C++] Use NDEBUG to fix linkage to abseil libraries

Author: WillAyd

ci/docker/conda-cpp.dockerfile

@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ ENV ARROW_ACERO=ON \
     ARROW_WITH_SNAPPY=ON \
     ARROW_WITH_ZLIB=ON \
     ARROW_WITH_ZSTD=ON \
+    CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG" \
+    CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG" \
     GTest_SOURCE=BUNDLED \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
     PARQUET_BUILD_EXECUTABLES=ON \

ci/docker/conda-python.dockerfile

@@ -45,4 +45,6 @@ ENV ARROW_ACERO=ON \
     ARROW_JSON=ON \
     ARROW_SUBSTRAIT=OFF \
     ARROW_TENSORFLOW=ON \
-    ARROW_USE_GLOG=OFF
+    ARROW_USE_GLOG=OFF \
+    CFLAGS="-DNDEBUG" \
+    CXXFLAGS="-DNDEBUG"

cpp/examples/arrow/rapidjson_row_converter.cc

@@ -585,6 +585,7 @@ arrow::Status DoRowConversion(int32_t num_rows, int32_t batch_size) {
     assert(doc["data"]["deleted"].IsBool());
     assert(doc["data"].HasMember("metrics"));
     assert(doc["data"]["metrics"].IsArray());
+#ifndef NDEBUG
     if (doc["data"]["metrics"].Size() > 0) {
       auto metric = &doc["data"]["metrics"][0];
       assert(metric->IsObject());
@@ -593,6 +594,7 @@ arrow::Status DoRowConversion(int32_t num_rows, int32_t batch_size) {
       assert(metric->HasMember("value"));
       assert((*metric)["value"].IsInt64());
     }
+#endif
 
     rapidjson::StringBuffer sb;
     rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(sb);