Update date_bin to support Time32 and Time64 data types (#19341)

## Which issue does this PR close?

Part of #19025

## Rationale for this change

Expand support for binning time data types.

## What changes are included in this PR?

Code, tests.

## Are these changes tested?

Yes, slt tests.

## Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

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Co-authored-by: Martin Grigorov <[email protected]>

Author: Omega359