[fix](core)be core when BeConfDataDirReader::get_data_dir_by_file_path (#59204)

During the execution of `init_file_cache_factory`, the following call
path is triggered:

```txt
init_file_cache_factory -> FileCacheFactory::create_file_cache -> cache->initialize() -> initialize_unlocked -> _storage->init(this) -> FSFileCacheStorage::init()

```

(At this point, a thread named `_cache_background_load_thread` is
created, and the remaining operations run within this thread)
`-> upgrade_cache_dir_if_necessary -> read_file_cache_version ->
FileSystem::open_file -> open_file_impl ->
LocalFileReader::LocalFileReader ->
BeConfDataDirReader::get_data_dir_by_file_path`

After `FSFileCacheStorage::init` completes (spawning the
`_cache_background_load_thread`), `ExecEnv::_init` continues to execute
`doris::io::BeConfDataDirReader::init_be_conf_data_dir`. This function
performs push operations on `be_config_data_dir_list`.

Simultaneously, `BeConfDataDirReader::get_data_dir_by_file_path`
(running in the background thread) iterates over this same
`be_config_data_dir_list`. This leads to a race condition: if
`doris::io::BeConfDataDirReader::init_be_conf_data_dir` is inserting
data while the vector is being read, two issues arise:

1. Modifying `be_config_data_dir_list` while iterating over it via a
range-based for loop results in **Undefined Behavior (UB)**.
2. If `be_config_data_dir_list` triggers a reallocation (expansion)
during the insertion, concurrent read operations on its elements will
access dangling references, triggering a **heap-use-after-free** error.

Since `init_be_conf_data_dir` depends on `cache_paths` derived from
`init_file_cache_factory`, we must carefully manage the synchronization
sequence to prevent these errors.

Author: koarz

be/src/io/fs/local_file_reader.cpp

@@ -41,15 +41,25 @@
 #include "runtime/workload_management/io_throttle.h"
 #include "util/async_io.h"
 #include "util/debug_points.h"
+#include "util/defer_op.h"
 #include "util/doris_metrics.h"
 
 namespace doris {
 namespace io {
+// 1: initing 2: inited 0: before init
+std::atomic_int BeConfDataDirReader::be_config_data_dir_list_state = 0;
 
 std::vector<doris::DataDirInfo> BeConfDataDirReader::be_config_data_dir_list;
 
 void BeConfDataDirReader::get_data_dir_by_file_path(io::Path* file_path,
                                                     std::string* data_dir_arg) {
+    int state = be_config_data_dir_list_state.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    if (state == 0) [[unlikely]] {
+        return;
+    } else if (state == 1) [[unlikely]] {
+        be_config_data_dir_list_state.wait(1);
+    }
+
     for (const auto& data_dir_info : be_config_data_dir_list) {
         if (data_dir_info.path.size() >= file_path->string().size()) {
             continue;
@@ -65,6 +75,11 @@ void BeConfDataDirReader::init_be_conf_data_dir(
         const std::vector<doris::StorePath>& store_paths,
         const std::vector<doris::StorePath>& spill_store_paths,
         const std::vector<doris::CachePath>& cache_paths) {
+    be_config_data_dir_list_state.store(1, std::memory_order_release);
+    Defer defer {[]() {
+        be_config_data_dir_list_state.store(2, std::memory_order_release);
+        be_config_data_dir_list_state.notify_all();
+    }};
     for (int i = 0; i < store_paths.size(); i++) {
         DataDirInfo data_dir_info;
         data_dir_info.path = store_paths[i].path;

be/src/io/fs/local_file_reader.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct CachePath;
 namespace doris::io {
 
 struct BeConfDataDirReader {
+    static std::atomic_int be_config_data_dir_list_state;
     static std::vector<doris::DataDirInfo> be_config_data_dir_list;
 
     static void get_data_dir_by_file_path(Path* file_path, std::string* data_dir_arg);