[Chore](bitmap) change BitmapValue CHECK to throw exception (#59464)

This pull request refactors error handling in the `BitmapValue` class to
improve robustness and provide clearer error messages. Instead of using
`CHECK` macros, it now throws exceptions with detailed information when
inconsistencies are detected in the bitmap value's set count.

**Error handling improvements:**

* Replaced `CHECK` and `CHECK_EQ` macros with explicit exception
throwing (`Exception(ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR, ...)`) when the set
count exceeds the threshold or does not match the expected size,
including detailed error messages with the problematic values.

Author: BiteTheDDDDt

be/src/util/bitmap_value.h

@@ -1977,12 +1977,19 @@ class BitmapValue {
             ++src;
             uint8_t count = *src;
             ++src;
-            CHECK(count <= SET_TYPE_THRESHOLD) << "bitmap value with incorrect set count";
+            if (count > SET_TYPE_THRESHOLD) {
+                throw Exception(ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "bitmap value with incorrect set count, count: {}", count);
+            }
             _set.reserve(count);
             for (uint8_t i = 0; i != count; ++i, src += sizeof(uint64_t)) {
                 _set.insert(decode_fixed64_le(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(src)));
             }
-            CHECK_EQ(count, _set.size()) << "bitmap value with incorrect set count";
+            if (_set.size() != count) {
+                throw Exception(ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "bitmap value with incorrect set count, count: {}, set size: {}",
+                                count, _set.size());
+            }
 
             if (!config::enable_set_in_bitmap_value) {
                 _prepare_bitmap_for_write();