[fix](udf) Allow users to override special built-in functions with UDFs

[morningman]

What problem does this PR solve?

This commit modifies the ExpressionAnalyzer to handle cases where a user wants to override special built-in functions (like arithmetic, format, or datetime functions) with their own UDFs.

Previously, the analyzer would throw an AnalysisException immediately if binding to these specific built-in implementations failed, preventing any subsequent UDF lookup.

Now, if the session variable prefer_udf_over_builtin is set to true, the analyzer catches the AnalysisException during the built-in binding attempt and allows the process to continue, enabling th
subsequent lookup for a matching UDF in the function registry.

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes.

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

[hello-stephen]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?