diff --git a/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt b/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
index d90c05421..031974761 100644
--- a/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ set(ICEBERG_SOURCES
     arrow_c_data_guard_internal.cc
     util/murmurhash3_internal.cc
     util/timepoint.cc
-    util/gzip_internal.cc)
+    util/gzip_internal.cc
+    util/logger.cc)
 
 set(ICEBERG_STATIC_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS)
 set(ICEBERG_SHARED_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS)
diff --git a/src/iceberg/util/logger.cc b/src/iceberg/util/logger.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa9a0ca8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/iceberg/util/logger.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/util/logger.h"
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include "iceberg/util/spdlog_logger.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+namespace {
+
+/// \brief Convert iceberg LogLevel to spdlog level
+spdlog::level::level_enum ToSpdlogLevel(LogLevel level) {
+  switch (level) {
+    case LogLevel::kTrace:
+      return spdlog::level::trace;
+    case LogLevel::kDebug:
+      return spdlog::level::debug;
+    case LogLevel::kInfo:
+      return spdlog::level::info;
+    case LogLevel::kWarn:
+      return spdlog::level::warn;
+    case LogLevel::kError:
+      return spdlog::level::err;
+    case LogLevel::kCritical:
+      return spdlog::level::critical;
+    case LogLevel::kOff:
+      return spdlog::level::off;
+    default:
+      return spdlog::level::info;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief Convert spdlog level to iceberg LogLevel
+ */
+LogLevel FromSpdlogLevel(spdlog::level::level_enum level) {
+  switch (level) {
+    case spdlog::level::trace:
+      return LogLevel::kTrace;
+    case spdlog::level::debug:
+      return LogLevel::kDebug;
+    case spdlog::level::info:
+      return LogLevel::kInfo;
+    case spdlog::level::warn:
+      return LogLevel::kWarn;
+    case spdlog::level::err:
+      return LogLevel::kError;
+    case spdlog::level::critical:
+      return LogLevel::kCritical;
+    case spdlog::level::off:
+      return LogLevel::kOff;
+    default:
+      return LogLevel::kInfo;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// SpdlogLogger implementation
+SpdlogLogger::SpdlogLogger(std::string_view logger_name) {
+  auto spdlog_logger = spdlog::get(std::string(logger_name));
+  if (!spdlog_logger) {
+    spdlog_logger = spdlog::stdout_color_mt(std::string(logger_name));
+  }
+  logger_ = std::static_pointer_cast<void>(spdlog_logger);
+  current_level_ = FromSpdlogLevel(spdlog_logger->level());
+}
+
+SpdlogLogger::SpdlogLogger(std::shared_ptr<void> spdlog_logger)
+    : logger_(std::move(spdlog_logger)) {
+  auto typed_logger = std::static_pointer_cast<spdlog::logger>(logger_);
+  current_level_ = FromSpdlogLevel(typed_logger->level());
+}
+
+bool SpdlogLogger::ShouldLogImpl(LogLevel level) const noexcept {
+  return level >= current_level_;
+}
+
+void SpdlogLogger::LogRawImpl(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+                              const std::string& message) const {
+  auto typed_logger = std::static_pointer_cast<spdlog::logger>(logger_);
+  auto spdlog_level = ToSpdlogLevel(level);
+
+  // Add source location information
+  std::string full_message =
+      std::format("[{}:{}:{}] {}", location.file_name(), location.line(),
+                  location.function_name(), message);
+
+  typed_logger->log(spdlog_level, full_message);
+}
+
+void SpdlogLogger::SetLevelImpl(LogLevel level) {
+  current_level_ = level;
+  auto typed_logger = std::static_pointer_cast<spdlog::logger>(logger_);
+  typed_logger->set_level(ToSpdlogLevel(level));
+}
+
+LogLevel SpdlogLogger::GetLevelImpl() const noexcept { return current_level_; }
+
+// LoggerRegistry implementation
+LoggerRegistry& LoggerRegistry::Instance() {
+  static LoggerRegistry instance;
+  return instance;
+}
+
+void LoggerRegistry::InitializeDefault(std::string_view logger_name) {
+  auto spdlog_logger = std::make_shared<SpdlogLogger>(logger_name);
+  SetDefaultLogger(spdlog_logger);
+}
+
+}  // namespace iceberg
diff --git a/src/iceberg/util/logger.h b/src/iceberg/util/logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c7aab7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/iceberg/util/logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <format>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <source_location>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <iceberg/iceberg_export.h>
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Log levels for the iceberg logger system
+enum class LogLevel : int {
+  kTrace = 0,
+  kDebug = 1,
+  kInfo = 2,
+  kWarn = 3,
+  kError = 4,
+  kCritical = 5,
+  kOff = 6
+};
+
+/// \brief Convert log level to string representation
+ICEBERG_EXPORT constexpr std::string_view LogLevelToString(LogLevel level) {
+  switch (level) {
+    case LogLevel::kTrace:
+      return "TRACE";
+    case LogLevel::kDebug:
+      return "DEBUG";
+    case LogLevel::kInfo:
+      return "INFO";
+    case LogLevel::kWarn:
+      return "WARN";
+    case LogLevel::kError:
+      return "ERROR";
+    case LogLevel::kCritical:
+      return "CRITICAL";
+    case LogLevel::kOff:
+      return "OFF";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+/// \brief Logger interface that uses CRTP to avoid virtual function overhead
+/// \tparam Derived The concrete logger implementation
+template <typename Derived>
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT LoggerInterface {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Check if a log level is enabled
+  bool ShouldLog(LogLevel level) const noexcept {
+    return derived()->ShouldLogImpl(level);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Log a message with the specified level
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void Log(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+           std::string_view format_str, Args&&... args) const {
+    derived()->LogImpl(level, location, format_str, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Set the minimum log level
+  void SetLevel(LogLevel level) { derived()->SetLevelImpl(level); }
+
+  /// \brief Get the current minimum log level
+  LogLevel GetLevel() const noexcept { return derived()->GetLevelImpl(); }
+
+ protected:
+  LoggerInterface() = default;
+  ~LoggerInterface() = default;
+
+ private:
+  /// \brief Get const pointer to the derived class instance
+  const Derived* derived() const noexcept { return static_cast<const Derived*>(this); }
+
+  /// \brief Get non-const pointer to the derived class instance
+  Derived* derived() noexcept { return static_cast<Derived*>(this); }
+};
+
+/// \brief Concept to constrain types that implement the Logger interface
+template <typename T>
+concept Logger = requires(const T& t, T& nt, LogLevel level,
+                          const std::source_location& location,
+                          std::string_view format_str) {
+  { t.ShouldLogImpl(level) } -> std::convertible_to<bool>;
+  { t.LogImpl(level, location, format_str) } -> std::same_as<void>;
+  { nt.SetLevelImpl(level) } -> std::same_as<void>;
+  { t.GetLevelImpl() } -> std::convertible_to<LogLevel>;
+} && std::is_base_of_v<LoggerInterface<T>, T>;
+
+/// \brief Global logger registry for managing logger instances
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT LoggerRegistry {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Get the singleton instance of the logger registry
+  static LoggerRegistry& Instance();
+
+  /// \brief Set the default logger implementation
+  ///
+  /// \tparam LoggerImpl The logger implementation type
+  /// \param logger The logger instance to set as default
+  template <Logger LoggerImpl>
+  void SetDefaultLogger(std::shared_ptr<LoggerImpl> logger) {
+    default_logger_ = std::static_pointer_cast<void>(logger);
+    log_func_ = [](const void* logger_ptr, LogLevel level,
+                   const std::source_location& location, std::string_view format_str,
+                   std::format_args args) {
+      auto* typed_logger = static_cast<const LoggerImpl*>(logger_ptr);
+      std::string formatted_message = std::vformat(format_str, args);
+      typed_logger->Log(level, location, formatted_message);
+    };
+    should_log_func_ = [](const void* logger_ptr, LogLevel level) -> bool {
+      auto* typed_logger = static_cast<const LoggerImpl*>(logger_ptr);
+      return typed_logger->ShouldLog(level);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Get the default logger
+  ///
+  /// \tparam LoggerImpl The expected logger implementation type
+  /// \return Shared pointer to the logger, or nullptr if type doesn't match
+  template <Logger LoggerImpl>
+  std::shared_ptr<LoggerImpl> GetDefaultLogger() const {
+    return std::static_pointer_cast<LoggerImpl>(default_logger_);
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Log using the default logger
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void Log(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+           std::string_view format_str, Args&&... args) const {
+    if (default_logger_ && should_log_func_ && log_func_) {
+      if (should_log_func_(default_logger_.get(), level)) {
+        try {
+          if constexpr (sizeof...(args) > 0) {
+            auto args_store = std::make_format_args(args...);
+            log_func_(default_logger_.get(), level, location, format_str, args_store);
+          } else {
+            log_func_(default_logger_.get(), level, location, format_str,
+                      std::make_format_args());
+          }
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+          std::cerr << "Logging error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Initialize with default spdlog logger
+  void InitializeDefault(std::string_view logger_name = "iceberg");
+
+ private:
+  LoggerRegistry() = default;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<void> default_logger_;
+  void (*log_func_)(const void*, LogLevel, const std::source_location&, std::string_view,
+                    std::format_args) = nullptr;
+  bool (*should_log_func_)(const void*, LogLevel) = nullptr;
+};
+
+/// \brief Convenience macros for logging with automatic source location
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(level, format_str, ...)                             \
+  do {                                                                                \
+    ::iceberg::LoggerRegistry::Instance().Log(level, std::source_location::current(), \
+                                              format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__); \
+  } while (false)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_TRACE(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kTrace, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_DEBUG(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kDebug, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_INFO(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kInfo, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_WARN(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kWarn, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_ERROR(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kError, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ICEBERG_LOG_CRITICAL(format_str, ...)               \
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WITH_LOCATION(::iceberg::LogLevel::kCritical, \
+                            format_str __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
+}  // namespace iceberg
diff --git a/src/iceberg/util/spdlog_logger.h b/src/iceberg/util/spdlog_logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dadffeed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/iceberg/util/spdlog_logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <format>
+#include <memory>
+#include <source_location>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "iceberg/util/logger.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Default spdlog-based logger implementation
+class SpdlogLogger : public LoggerInterface<SpdlogLogger> {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Create a new spdlog logger with the given name
+  explicit SpdlogLogger(std::string_view logger_name = "iceberg");
+
+  /// \brief Create a spdlog logger from an existing spdlog::logger
+  explicit SpdlogLogger(std::shared_ptr<void> spdlog_logger);
+
+  // Implementation methods required by LoggerInterface
+  bool ShouldLogImpl(LogLevel level) const noexcept;
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void LogImpl(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+               std::string_view format_str, Args&&... args) const {
+    if constexpr (sizeof...(args) > 0) {
+      std::string formatted_message =
+          std::vformat(format_str, std::make_format_args(args...));
+      LogRawImpl(level, location, formatted_message);
+    } else {
+      LogRawImpl(level, location, std::string(format_str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SetLevelImpl(LogLevel level);
+  LogLevel GetLevelImpl() const noexcept;
+
+  /// \brief Get the underlying spdlog logger (for advanced usage)
+  std::shared_ptr<void> GetUnderlyingLogger() const { return logger_; }
+
+ private:
+  void LogRawImpl(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+                  const std::string& message) const;
+  std::shared_ptr<void> logger_;  // Type-erased spdlog::logger
+  LogLevel current_level_ = LogLevel::kInfo;
+};
+
+}  // namespace iceberg
diff --git a/test/logger_test.cc b/test/logger_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7001c31ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/logger_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/util/logger.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "iceberg/util/spdlog_logger.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Example custom logger implementation using std::cout for testing
+///
+/// This shows how downstream projects can implement their own logger
+/// by inheriting from LoggerInterface and implementing the required methods.
+class StdoutLogger : public LoggerInterface<StdoutLogger> {
+ public:
+  explicit StdoutLogger(LogLevel min_level = LogLevel::kInfo) : min_level_(min_level) {}
+
+  // Required implementation methods
+  bool ShouldLogImpl(LogLevel level) const noexcept { return level >= min_level_; }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  void LogImpl(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+               std::string_view format_str, Args&&... args) const {
+    if constexpr (sizeof...(args) > 0) {
+      std::string formatted_message =
+          std::vformat(format_str, std::make_format_args(args...));
+      LogRawImpl(level, location, formatted_message);
+    } else {
+      LogRawImpl(level, location, std::string(format_str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void SetLevelImpl(LogLevel level) noexcept { min_level_ = level; }
+
+  LogLevel GetLevelImpl() const noexcept { return min_level_; }
+
+ private:
+  void LogRawImpl(LogLevel level, const std::source_location& location,
+                  const std::string& message) const {
+    std::cout << "[" << LogLevelToString(level) << "] " << message << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  LogLevel min_level_;
+};
+
+class LoggerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Each test starts with a fresh logger registry
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    // Reset to default state
+    LoggerRegistry::Instance().InitializeDefault("test_logger");
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(LoggerTest, DefaultSpdlogLogger) {
+  // Initialize with default spdlog logger
+  LoggerRegistry::Instance().InitializeDefault("test_logger");
+
+  // Test basic logging functionality
+  ICEBERG_LOG_INFO("This is an info message");
+  ICEBERG_LOG_DEBUG("This is a debug message with value: {}", 42);
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WARN("This is a warning message");
+  ICEBERG_LOG_ERROR("This is an error message");
+
+  // The test passes if no exceptions are thrown
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+
+TEST_F(LoggerTest, CustomStdoutLogger) {
+  // Create and register a custom logger
+  auto custom_logger = std::make_shared<StdoutLogger>(LogLevel::kDebug);
+  LoggerRegistry::Instance().SetDefaultLogger(custom_logger);
+
+  // Test logging with custom logger
+  ICEBERG_LOG_DEBUG("Debug message from custom logger");
+  ICEBERG_LOG_INFO("Info message with parameter: {}", "test");
+  ICEBERG_LOG_WARN("Warning from custom logger");
+
+  SUCCEED();
+}
+
+TEST_F(LoggerTest, LoggerLevels) {
+  auto logger = std::make_shared<SpdlogLogger>("test_level_logger");
+
+  // Test level filtering
+  logger->SetLevel(LogLevel::kWarn);
+  EXPECT_EQ(logger->GetLevel(), LogLevel::kWarn);
+
+  // These should be filtered out
+  EXPECT_FALSE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kTrace));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kDebug));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kInfo));
+
+  // These should pass through
+  EXPECT_TRUE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kWarn));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kError));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(logger->ShouldLog(LogLevel::kCritical));
+}
+}  // namespace iceberg