diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 23f29e649..7b383b229 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         shell: cmd
         run: |
-          vcpkg install zlib:x64-windows nlohmann-json:x64-windows nanoarrow:x64-windows
+          vcpkg install zlib:x64-windows nlohmann-json:x64-windows nanoarrow:x64-windows roaring:x64-windows
       - name: Build Iceberg
         shell: cmd
         run: |
diff --git a/cmake_modules/IcebergThirdpartyToolchain.cmake b/cmake_modules/IcebergThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
index 2e915c0d3..df3b9897a 100644
--- a/cmake_modules/IcebergThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
+++ b/cmake_modules/IcebergThirdpartyToolchain.cmake
@@ -261,6 +261,54 @@ function(resolve_nanoarrow_dependency)
       PARENT_SCOPE)
 endfunction()
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CRoaring
+
+function(resolve_croaring_dependency)
+  prepare_fetchcontent()
+
+  set(BUILD_TESTING
+      OFF
+      CACHE BOOL "Disable CRoaring tests" FORCE)
+
+  fetchcontent_declare(croaring
+                       ${FC_DECLARE_COMMON_OPTIONS}
+                       URL "https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring/archive/refs/tags/v4.3.11.tar.gz"
+                           FIND_PACKAGE_ARGS
+                           NAMES
+                           roaring
+                           CONFIG)
+  fetchcontent_makeavailable(croaring)
+
+  if(croaring_SOURCE_DIR)
+    if(NOT TARGET roaring::roaring)
+      add_library(roaring::roaring INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+      target_link_libraries(roaring::roaring INTERFACE roaring)
+      target_include_directories(roaring::roaring INTERFACE ${croaring_BINARY_DIR}
+                                                            ${croaring_SOURCE_DIR}/cpp)
+    endif()
+
+    set(CROARING_VENDORED TRUE)
+    set_target_properties(roaring PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "iceberg_vendored_croaring"
+                                             POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+    install(TARGETS roaring
+            EXPORT iceberg_targets
+            RUNTIME DESTINATION "${ICEBERG_INSTALL_BINDIR}"
+            ARCHIVE DESTINATION "${ICEBERG_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+            LIBRARY DESTINATION "${ICEBERG_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")
+  else()
+    set(CROARING_VENDORED FALSE)
+    list(APPEND ICEBERG_SYSTEM_DEPENDENCIES roaring)
+  endif()
+
+  set(ICEBERG_SYSTEM_DEPENDENCIES
+      ${ICEBERG_SYSTEM_DEPENDENCIES}
+      PARENT_SCOPE)
+  set(CROARING_VENDORED
+      ${CROARING_VENDORED}
+      PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # nlohmann-json
 
@@ -398,6 +446,7 @@ endfunction()
 
 resolve_zlib_dependency()
 resolve_nanoarrow_dependency()
+resolve_croaring_dependency()
 resolve_nlohmann_json_dependency()
 resolve_spdlog_dependency()
 
diff --git a/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt b/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
index b3ce7fa25..ee618b839 100644
--- a/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/iceberg/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -62,23 +62,27 @@ list(APPEND
      ICEBERG_STATIC_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS
      nanoarrow::nanoarrow_static
      nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+     roaring::roaring
      spdlog::spdlog
      ZLIB::ZLIB)
 list(APPEND
      ICEBERG_SHARED_BUILD_INTERFACE_LIBS
      nanoarrow::nanoarrow_shared
      nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+     roaring::roaring
      spdlog::spdlog
      ZLIB::ZLIB)
 list(APPEND
      ICEBERG_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${NANOARROW_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::nanoarrow_static,$<IF:$<TARGET_EXISTS:nanoarrow::nanoarrow_static>,nanoarrow::nanoarrow_static,nanoarrow::nanoarrow_shared>>"
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${NLOHMANN_JSON_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::nlohmann_json,$<IF:$<TARGET_EXISTS:nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json>,nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json,nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json>>"
+     "$<IF:$<BOOL:${CROARING_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::roaring,roaring::roaring>"
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${SPDLOG_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::spdlog,spdlog::spdlog>")
 list(APPEND
      ICEBERG_SHARED_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${NANOARROW_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::nanoarrow_shared,$<IF:$<TARGET_EXISTS:nanoarrow::nanoarrow_shared>,nanoarrow::nanoarrow_shared,nanoarrow::nanoarrow_static>>"
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${NLOHMANN_JSON_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::nlohmann_json,$<IF:$<TARGET_EXISTS:nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json>,nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json,nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json>>"
+     "$<IF:$<BOOL:${CROARING_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::roaring,roaring::roaring>"
      "$<IF:$<BOOL:${SPDLOG_VENDORED}>,Iceberg::spdlog,spdlog::spdlog>")
 
 add_iceberg_lib(iceberg
diff --git a/src/iceberg/IcebergConfig.cmake.in b/src/iceberg/IcebergConfig.cmake.in
index 8a9b9f3f3..c22682d36 100644
--- a/src/iceberg/IcebergConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/src/iceberg/IcebergConfig.cmake.in
@@ -70,6 +70,15 @@ endmacro()
 # Find system dependencies
 iceberg_find_dependencies("${ICEBERG_SYSTEM_DEPENDENCIES}")
 
+# Create missing CRoaring targets if they don't exist
+if(NOT TARGET roaring::roaring-headers)
+  add_library(roaring::roaring-headers INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT TARGET roaring::roaring-headers-cpp)
+  add_library(roaring::roaring-headers-cpp INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+endif()
+
 include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/IcebergTargets.cmake")
 
 if(TARGET Iceberg::arrow_static)
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index f8926eb70..0f6003757 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ add_iceberg_test(util_test
                  string_util_test.cc
                  visit_type_test.cc)
 
+add_iceberg_test(roaring_test SOURCES roaring_test.cc)
+
 if(ICEBERG_BUILD_BUNDLE)
   add_iceberg_test(avro_test
                    USE_BUNDLE
diff --git a/test/roaring_test.cc b/test/roaring_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c9e4d7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/roaring_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+#include "roaring/roaring.hh"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "roaring/roaring64map.hh"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+TEST(CRoaringTest, Basic32Bit) {
+  roaring::Roaring r1;
+  for (uint32_t i = 100; i < 1000; i++) {
+    r1.add(i);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(r1.cardinality(), 900);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(500));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r1.contains(50));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r1.isEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST(CRoaringTest, Basic64Bit) {
+  roaring::Roaring64Map r2;
+  for (uint64_t i = 18000000000000000100ull; i < 18000000000000001000ull; i++) {
+    r2.add(i);
+  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(r2.cardinality(), 900);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r2.contains(static_cast<uint64_t>(18000000000000000500ull)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r2.contains(static_cast<uint64_t>(18000000000000000050ull)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r2.isEmpty());
+}
+
+TEST(CRoaringTest, ConstructorWithInitializerList) {
+  roaring::Roaring r1 = roaring::Roaring::bitmapOf(5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6);
+  ASSERT_EQ(r1.cardinality(), 5);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(1));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(2));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(3));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(5));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(r1.contains(6));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(r1.contains(4));
+}
+
+}  // namespace iceberg