[SPARK-53804][SQL] Support TIME radix sort

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add support for radix sort of the Time type.

This PR is based on #35279, which added similar support for TimestampNTZ.

### Why are the changes needed?

Better performance when sorting by one Time type column.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No.

### How was this patch tested?

New test.

Also, I added temporary debug statements to `SortExec` in a working copy with this change and one without this change, then tested a join by the Time type. In the working copy with the change, `canUseRadixSort` = true. In the working copy without the change, `canUseRadixSort` = false.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #52520 from bersprockets/time_sortprefix.

Authored-by: Bruce Robbins <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Peter Toth <[email protected]>

Author: bersprockets

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/SortOrder.scala

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ object SortOrder {
 case class SortPrefix(child: SortOrder) extends UnaryExpression {
 
   val nullValue = child.child.dataType match {
-    case BooleanType | DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType |
+    case BooleanType | DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | _: TimeType |
          _: IntegralType | _: AnsiIntervalType =>
       if (nullAsSmallest) Long.MinValue else Long.MaxValue
     case dt: DecimalType if dt.precision - dt.scale <= Decimal.MAX_LONG_DIGITS =>
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ case class SortPrefix(child: SortOrder) extends UnaryExpression {
   private lazy val calcPrefix: Any => Long = child.child.dataType match {
     case BooleanType => (raw) =>
       if (raw.asInstanceOf[Boolean]) 1 else 0
-    case DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType |
+    case DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | _: TimeType |
          _: IntegralType | _: AnsiIntervalType => (raw) =>
       raw.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Number].longValue()
     case FloatType | DoubleType => (raw) => {
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ case class SortPrefix(child: SortOrder) extends UnaryExpression {
         s"$input ? 1L : 0L"
       case _: IntegralType =>
         s"(long) $input"
-      case DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | _: AnsiIntervalType =>
+      case DateType | TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | _: TimeType | _: AnsiIntervalType =>
         s"(long) $input"
       case FloatType | DoubleType =>
         s"$DoublePrefixCmp.computePrefix((double)$input)"

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/SortOrderExpressionsSuite.scala

@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions
 
 import java.sql.Timestamp
+import java.time.LocalTime
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkFunSuite
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCheckResult.DataTypeMismatch
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.SparkDateTimeUtils
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
 import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String
 import org.apache.spark.util.collection.unsafe.sort.PrefixComparators._
@@ -51,6 +53,9 @@ class SortOrderExpressionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper
     val dec3 = Literal(Decimal(20132983L, 21, 2))
     val list1 = Literal.create(Seq(1, 2), ArrayType(IntegerType))
     val nullVal = Literal.create(null, IntegerType)
+    val tm1LocalTime = LocalTime.of(21, 15, 1, 123456)
+    val tm1Nano = SparkDateTimeUtils.localTimeToNanos(tm1LocalTime)
+    val tm1 = Literal.create(tm1LocalTime, TimeType(6))
 
     checkEvaluation(SortPrefix(SortOrder(b1, Ascending)), 0L)
     checkEvaluation(SortPrefix(SortOrder(b2, Ascending)), 1L)
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ class SortOrderExpressionsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper
       DoublePrefixComparator.computePrefix(201329.83d))
     checkEvaluation(SortPrefix(SortOrder(list1, Ascending)), 0L)
     checkEvaluation(SortPrefix(SortOrder(nullVal, Ascending)), null)
+    checkEvaluation(SortPrefix(SortOrder(tm1, Ascending)), tm1Nano)
   }
 
   test("Cannot sort map type") {

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/SortPrefixUtils.scala

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ object SortPrefixUtils {
       case StringType => stringPrefixComparator(sortOrder)
       case BinaryType => binaryPrefixComparator(sortOrder)
       case BooleanType | ByteType | ShortType | IntegerType | LongType | DateType | TimestampType |
-          TimestampNTZType | _: AnsiIntervalType =>
+          TimestampNTZType | _: TimeType |_: AnsiIntervalType =>
         longPrefixComparator(sortOrder)
       case dt: DecimalType if dt.precision - dt.scale <= Decimal.MAX_LONG_DIGITS =>
         longPrefixComparator(sortOrder)
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ object SortPrefixUtils {
   def canSortFullyWithPrefix(sortOrder: SortOrder): Boolean = {
     sortOrder.dataType match {
       case BooleanType | ByteType | ShortType | IntegerType | LongType | DateType |
-           TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | FloatType | DoubleType | _: AnsiIntervalType =>
+           TimestampType | TimestampNTZType | _: TimeType | FloatType | DoubleType |
+           _: AnsiIntervalType =>
         true
       case dt: DecimalType if dt.precision <= Decimal.MAX_LONG_DIGITS =>
         true