diff --git a/.babelrc b/.babelrc
index 2547b5b..7be671b 100644
--- a/.babelrc
+++ b/.babelrc
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "@babel/preset-env",
       {
         "targets": {
-          "node": "6"
+          "node": "14"
         }
       }
     ]
diff --git a/.eslintrc b/.eslintrc
index 3f03e1f..06c95b8 100644
--- a/.eslintrc
+++ b/.eslintrc
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 {
   "extends": ["airbnb-base", "plugin:prettier/recommended"],
   "env": {
-    "node": true
+    "node": true,
+    "es2020": true
+  },
+  "parserOptions": {
+    "ecmaVersion": 2020,
+    "sourceType": "module"
   }
 }
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 28bc805..9aa364a 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
         "firebase-admin": "12.1.1",
         "node-adm": "0.9.1",
         "node-gcm": "1.1.4",
-        "ramda": "0.32.0",
         "web-push": "3.6.7",
         "wns": "0.5.4"
       },
@@ -9802,16 +9801,6 @@
         }
       ]
     },
-    "node_modules/ramda": {
-      "version": "0.32.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ramda/-/ramda-0.32.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GQWAHhxhxWBWA8oIBr1XahFVjQ9Fic6MK9ikijfd4TZHfE2+urfk+irVlR5VOn48uwMgM+loRRBJd6Yjsbc0zQ==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "funding": {
-        "type": "opencollective",
-        "url": "https://opencollective.com/ramda"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/randombytes": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/randombytes/-/randombytes-2.1.0.tgz",
@@ -18934,11 +18923,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-NuaNSa6flKT5JaSYQzJok04JzTL1CA6aGhv5rfLW3PgqA+M2ChpZQnAC8h8i4ZFkBS8X5RqkDBHA7r4hej3K9A==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "ramda": {
-      "version": "0.32.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ramda/-/ramda-0.32.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GQWAHhxhxWBWA8oIBr1XahFVjQ9Fic6MK9ikijfd4TZHfE2+urfk+irVlR5VOn48uwMgM+loRRBJd6Yjsbc0zQ=="
-    },
     "randombytes": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/randombytes/-/randombytes-2.1.0.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8852d8d..58eee4e 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
     "firebase-admin": "12.1.1",
     "node-adm": "0.9.1",
     "node-gcm": "1.1.4",
-    "ramda": "0.32.0",
     "web-push": "3.6.7",
     "wns": "0.5.4"
   },
diff --git a/src/push-notifications.js b/src/push-notifications.js
index 79b8150..91c292b 100644
--- a/src/push-notifications.js
+++ b/src/push-notifications.js
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ class PN {
   sendWith(method, regIds, data, cb) {
     return method(regIds, data, this.settings)
       .then((results) => {
-        (cb || ((noop) => noop))(null, results);
+        cb?.(null, results);
         return results;
       })
       .catch((error) => {
-        (cb || ((noop) => noop))(error);
+        cb?.(error);
         return Promise.reject(error);
       });
   }
diff --git a/src/sendADM.js b/src/sendADM.js
index 08a0f78..201241a 100644
--- a/src/sendADM.js
+++ b/src/sendADM.js
@@ -10,13 +10,7 @@ const sendADM = (regIds, _data, settings) => {
   };
   const promises = [];
   const admSender = new adm.Sender(settings.adm);
-  const data = { ..._data };
-  const { consolidationKey, expiry, timeToLive, custom } = data;
-
-  delete data.consolidationKey;
-  delete data.expiry;
-  delete data.timeToLive;
-  delete data.custom;
+  const { consolidationKey, expiry, timeToLive, custom, ...data } = _data;
 
   const message = {
     expiresAfter:
diff --git a/src/sendAPN.js b/src/sendAPN.js
index a7e99bd..841d113 100644
--- a/src/sendAPN.js
+++ b/src/sendAPN.js
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 const apn = require('@parse/node-apn');
-const R = require('ramda');
 const { APN_METHOD } = require('./constants');
 const { buildApnsMessage } = require('./utils/tools');
 
-const getDeviceTokenOrSelf = R.ifElse(
-  R.has('device'),
-  R.prop('device'),
-  R.identity
-);
+const getDeviceTokenOrSelf = (token) => token?.device ?? token;
 
 class APN {
   constructor(settings) {
diff --git a/src/sendFCM.js b/src/sendFCM.js
index cbde674..e31b645 100644
--- a/src/sendFCM.js
+++ b/src/sendFCM.js
@@ -4,21 +4,8 @@ const { FCM_METHOD } = require('./constants');
 const FcmMessage = require('./utils/fcmMessage');
 const { containsValidRecipients } = require('./utils/tools');
 
-const getRecipientList = (obj) => {
-  if (obj.tokens) {
-    return obj.tokens;
-  }
-  if (obj.token) {
-    return [obj.token];
-  }
-  if (obj.condition) {
-    return [obj.condition];
-  }
-  if (obj.topic) {
-    return [obj.topic];
-  }
-  return [];
-};
+const getRecipientList = (obj) =>
+  obj.tokens ?? [obj.token, obj.condition, obj.topic].filter(Boolean);
 
 const sendChunk = (firebaseApp, recipients, message) => {
   const firebaseMessage = message.buildWithRecipients(recipients);
@@ -50,12 +37,15 @@ const sendChunk = (firebaseApp, recipients, message) => {
           message: response.responses.map((value) => {
             const regToken = recipientList[regIndex];
             regIndex += 1;
+            const errorMsg = value.error
+              ? value.error.message || value.error
+              : null;
             return {
               messageId: value.message_id,
               originalRegId: regToken,
               regId: value.registration_id || regToken,
               error: value.error ? new Error(value.error) : null,
-              errorMsg: value.error ? value.error.message || value.error : null,
+              errorMsg,
             };
           }),
         };
diff --git a/src/sendGCM.js b/src/sendGCM.js
index c6bdf36..610c00b 100644
--- a/src/sendGCM.js
+++ b/src/sendGCM.js
@@ -2,18 +2,8 @@ const gcm = require('node-gcm');
 const { GCM_METHOD } = require('./constants');
 const { containsValidRecipients, buildGcmMessage } = require('./utils/tools');
 
-const getRecipientList = (obj) => {
-  if (obj.registrationTokens) {
-    return obj.registrationTokens;
-  }
-  if (obj.to) {
-    return [obj.to];
-  }
-  if (obj.condition) {
-    return [obj.condition];
-  }
-  return [];
-};
+const getRecipientList = (obj) =>
+  obj.registrationTokens ?? [obj.to, obj.condition].filter(Boolean);
 
 const sendChunk = (GCMSender, recipients, message, retries) =>
   new Promise((resolve) => {
@@ -43,12 +33,15 @@ const sendChunk = (GCMSender, recipients, message, retries) =>
           message: response.results.map((value) => {
             const regToken = recipientList[regIndex];
             regIndex += 1;
+            const errorMsg = value.error
+              ? value.error.message || value.error
+              : null;
             return {
               messageId: value.message_id,
               originalRegId: regToken,
               regId: value.registration_id || regToken,
               error: value.error ? new Error(value.error) : null,
-              errorMsg: value.error ? value.error.message || value.error : null,
+              errorMsg,
             };
           }),
         });
diff --git a/src/sendWNS.js b/src/sendWNS.js
index afcc8f3..0d88ee6 100644
--- a/src/sendWNS.js
+++ b/src/sendWNS.js
@@ -3,12 +3,8 @@ const { WNS_METHOD } = require('./constants');
 
 const parseErrorMessage = (err) => (err instanceof Error ? err.message : err);
 const parseError = (err) => {
-  if (err instanceof Error) {
-    return err;
-  }
-  if (err) {
-    return new Error(err);
-  }
+  if (err instanceof Error) return err;
+  if (err) return new Error(err);
   return null;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/sendWeb.js b/src/sendWeb.js
index c4220c6..fb3f35b 100644
--- a/src/sendWeb.js
+++ b/src/sendWeb.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 const webPush = require('web-push');
-const { is, unless, assoc } = require('ramda');
 const { WEB_METHOD } = require('./constants');
 
-const stringify = unless(is(String), JSON.stringify);
+const stringify = (data) =>
+  typeof data === 'string' ? data : JSON.stringify(data);
 
 const sendWebPush = async (regIds, data, settings) => {
   const payload = stringify(data);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const sendWebPush = async (regIds, data, settings) => {
     failure: acc.failure + current.failure,
     message: [...acc.message, ...current.message],
   }));
-  return assoc('method', WEB_METHOD, reduced);
+  return { ...reduced, method: WEB_METHOD };
 };
 
 module.exports = sendWebPush;
diff --git a/src/utils/fcmMessage.js b/src/utils/fcmMessage.js
index 39dc1ea..e9907f7 100644
--- a/src/utils/fcmMessage.js
+++ b/src/utils/fcmMessage.js
@@ -20,16 +20,10 @@ class FcmMessage {
   static normalizeDataParams(data) {
     if (!data) return {};
     return Object.entries(data).reduce((normalized, [key, value]) => {
-      if (value === undefined || value === null) {
-        return normalized;
-      }
-
+      if (value == null) return normalized;
       const stringifyValue =
         typeof value === 'string' ? value : JSON.stringify(value);
-
-      Object.assign(normalized, { [key]: stringifyValue });
-
-      return normalized;
+      return { ...normalized, [key]: stringifyValue };
     }, {});
   }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/tools.js b/src/utils/tools.js
index b7936a0..b5a06a8 100644
--- a/src/utils/tools.js
+++ b/src/utils/tools.js
@@ -1,50 +1,53 @@
-const R = require('ramda');
 const { Notification: ApnsMessage } = require('@parse/node-apn');
 const { Message: GcmMessage } = require('node-gcm');
 
 const { DEFAULT_TTL, GCM_MAX_TTL } = require('../constants');
 
-const ttlFromExpiry = R.compose(
-  R.min(GCM_MAX_TTL),
-  R.max(0),
-  (expiry) => expiry - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)
-);
+const ttlFromExpiry = (expiry) => {
+  const ttl = expiry - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+  return Math.min(Math.max(ttl, 0), GCM_MAX_TTL);
+};
 
-const extractTimeToLive = R.cond([
-  [R.propIs(Number, 'expiry'), ({ expiry }) => ttlFromExpiry(expiry)],
-  [R.propIs(Number, 'timeToLive'), R.prop('timeToLive')],
-  [R.T, R.always(DEFAULT_TTL)],
-]);
+const extractTimeToLive = (data) => {
+  if (typeof data?.expiry === 'number') return ttlFromExpiry(data.expiry);
+  if (typeof data?.timeToLive === 'number') return data.timeToLive;
+  return DEFAULT_TTL;
+};
 
 const expiryFromTtl = (ttl) => ttl + Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
 
-const extractExpiry = R.cond([
-  [R.propIs(Number, 'expiry'), R.prop('expiry')],
-  [
-    R.propIs(Number, 'timeToLive'),
-    ({ timeToLive }) => expiryFromTtl(timeToLive),
-  ],
-  [R.T, () => expiryFromTtl(DEFAULT_TTL)],
-]);
-
-const getPropValueOrUndefinedIfIsSilent = (propName, data) => {
-  if (data.silent) {
+const extractExpiry = (data) => {
+  if (typeof data?.expiry === 'number') return data.expiry;
+  if (typeof data?.timeToLive === 'number')
+    return expiryFromTtl(data.timeToLive);
+  return expiryFromTtl(DEFAULT_TTL);
+};
+
+const getPropValueOrUndefinedIfIsSilent = (propName, data) =>
+  data.silent ? undefined : data[propName];
+
+const toJSONorUndefined = (value) => {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    return value;
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(value);
+  } catch (e) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  return data[propName];
 };
 
-const toJSONorUndefined = R.when(
-  R.is(String),
-  R.tryCatch(JSON.parse, R.always(undefined))
-);
-
-const alertLocArgsToJSON = R.evolve({
-  alert: {
-    'title-loc-args': toJSONorUndefined,
-    'loc-args': toJSONorUndefined,
-  },
-});
+const alertLocArgsToJSON = (data) => {
+  const alert = data.alert ?? {};
+  return {
+    ...data,
+    alert: {
+      ...alert,
+      'title-loc-args': toJSONorUndefined(alert['title-loc-args']),
+      'loc-args': toJSONorUndefined(alert['loc-args']),
+    },
+  };
+};
 
 const getDefaultAlert = (data) => ({
   title: data.title,
@@ -57,21 +60,31 @@ const getDefaultAlert = (data) => ({
   action: data.action,
 });
 
-const alertOrDefault = (data) =>
-  R.when(
-    R.propSatisfies(R.isNil, 'alert'),
-    R.assoc('alert', getDefaultAlert(data))
-  );
+const alertOrDefault = (data) => ({
+  ...data,
+  alert: data.alert ?? getDefaultAlert(data),
+});
 
-const getParsedAlertOrDefault = (data) =>
-  R.pipe(alertOrDefault(data), alertLocArgsToJSON)(data);
+const getParsedAlertOrDefault = (data) => {
+  const withAlert = alertOrDefault(data);
+  return alertLocArgsToJSON(withAlert);
+};
 
-const pathIsString = R.pathSatisfies(R.is(String));
+const pathIsString = (path) => (val) => {
+  const current = path.reduce((acc, key) => {
+    if (acc && typeof acc === 'object') {
+      return acc[key];
+    }
+    return null;
+  }, val);
+  return typeof current === 'string';
+};
 
-const containsValidRecipients = R.either(
-  pathIsString(['recipients', 'to']),
-  pathIsString(['recipients', 'condition'])
-);
+const containsValidRecipients = (obj) => {
+  const checkTo = pathIsString(['recipients', 'to'])(obj);
+  const checkCondition = pathIsString(['recipients', 'condition'])(obj);
+  return checkTo || checkCondition;
+};
 
 const buildGcmNotification = (data) => {
   const notification = data.fcm_notification || {