diff --git a/axvisor.sh b/axvisor.sh
index 5e5be3e7..b528ad91 100755
--- a/axvisor.sh
+++ b/axvisor.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-# Axvisor 统一管理脚本
-# 替代 Makefile，提供完整的项目管理功能
+# Axvisor unified management script
+# Replaces the Makefile, providing complete project management functionality
 
 set -e
 
-# 颜色定义
+# Color definitions
 RED='\033[0;31m'
 GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ BLUE='\033[0;34m'
 CYAN='\033[0;36m'
 NC='\033[0m' # No Color
 
-# 项目配置
+# Project configuration
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 PROJECT_ROOT="$SCRIPT_DIR"
 HVCONFIG="$PROJECT_ROOT/.hvconfig.toml"
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ VENV_DIR="$PROJECT_ROOT/venv"
 VENV_MARKER="$VENV_DIR/.bootstrapped"
 REQUIREMENTS="$PROJECT_ROOT/scripts/requirements.txt"
 
-# 切换到项目根目录
+# Switch to project root
 cd "$PROJECT_ROOT"
 
-# 输出函数 - 统一使用emoji符号
+# Output helper functions - unified emoji style
 info() { echo -e "${BLUE}ℹ️${NC} $*"; }
 success() { echo -e "${GREEN}✅${NC} $*"; }
 warning() { echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️${NC} $*"; }
@@ -34,48 +34,48 @@ error() { echo -e "${RED}❌${NC} $*"; }
 step() { echo -e "${CYAN}🚀${NC} $*"; }
 debug() { echo -e "${CYAN}🔍${NC} $*"; }
 
-# 错误处理
+# Error handling
 handle_error() {
     error "命令失败: $1"
     exit 1
 }
 
-trap 'handle_error "脚本执行中断"' ERR
+trap 'handle_error "Script interrupted"' ERR
 
-# 检查系统依赖
+# Check system dependencies
 check_system_deps() {
     local missing_deps=()
     
-    # 检查 Python 3
+    # Check Python 3
     if ! command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         missing_deps+=("python3")
     fi
     
-    # 检查 Cargo
+    # Check Cargo
     if ! command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         missing_deps+=("cargo")
     fi
     
     if [[ ${#missing_deps[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
-        error "缺少必要依赖: ${missing_deps[*]}"
-        info "请安装缺少的依赖后重试"
+    error "Missing required dependencies: ${missing_deps[*]}"
+    info "Install the missing dependencies and retry"
         exit 1
     fi
 }
 
-# 检查虚拟环境是否需要设置
+# Determine whether venv setup is needed
 needs_venv_setup() {
-    # 虚拟环境不存在
+    # Virtual environment directory does not exist
     if [[ ! -d "$VENV_DIR" ]]; then
         return 0
     fi
     
-    # Python 可执行文件不存在
+    # Python executable missing inside venv
     if [[ ! -x "$VENV_DIR/bin/python3" ]]; then
         return 0
     fi
     
-    # requirements.txt 更新了
+    # requirements.txt is newer than the bootstrap marker
     if [[ "$REQUIREMENTS" -nt "$VENV_MARKER" ]]; then
         return 0
     fi
@@ -83,70 +83,69 @@ needs_venv_setup() {
     return 1
 }
 
-# 设置虚拟环境
+# Setup virtual environment
 setup_venv() {
     if ! needs_venv_setup; then
         return 0
     fi
     
-    step "设置 Python 虚拟环境..."
+    step "Setting up Python virtual environment..."
     
     # 运行 bootstrap 脚本
     ./scripts/bootstrap.sh
     
-    success "虚拟环境设置完成"
+    success "Virtual environment ready"
 }
 
-# 配置文件管理
+# Config file management
 setup_defconfig() {
-    step "设置默认配置..."
+    step "Setting default config..."
     
     if [[ ! -f "$DEFAULT_HVCONFIG" ]]; then
-        error "默认配置文件 $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG 不存在"
+    error "Default config file $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG not found"
         exit 1
     fi
     
     if [[ -f "$HVCONFIG" ]]; then
-        warning "配置文件 $HVCONFIG 已存在"
-        read -p "是否覆盖现有配置？(y/N): " -n 1 -r
+    warning "Config file $HVCONFIG already exists"
+    read -p "Overwrite existing config? (y/N): " -n 1 -r
         echo
         if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
-            info "已取消操作"
+            info "Operation cancelled"
             return 0
         fi
     fi
     
     cp "$DEFAULT_HVCONFIG" "$HVCONFIG"
-    success "已复制 $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG -> $HVCONFIG"
+    success "Copied $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG -> $HVCONFIG"
     
-    info "配置文件设置完成"
-    info "可以编辑 $HVCONFIG 来自定义配置"
+    info "Config file setup completed"
+    info "Edit $HVCONFIG to customize settings"
 }
 
-# 确保配置文件存在（静默方式）
+# Ensure config file exists (silent)
 ensure_config() {
     if [[ ! -f "$HVCONFIG" ]]; then
         if [[ -f "$DEFAULT_HVCONFIG" ]]; then
-            info "自动复制默认配置文件..."
+            info "Auto copying default config file..."
             cp "$DEFAULT_HVCONFIG" "$HVCONFIG"
-            success "已复制 $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG -> $HVCONFIG"
+            success "Copied $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG -> $HVCONFIG"
         else
-            warning "默认配置文件 $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG 不存在"
-            warning "请先运行 './axvisor.sh defconfig' 设置配置文件"
+            warning "Default config file $DEFAULT_HVCONFIG not found"
+            warning "Run './axvisor.sh defconfig' first to create it"
         fi
     fi
 }
 
-# 运行 Python 任务
-# 运行 Python 任务 - 统一的任务执行入口
+# Run Python task (unified entry point)
 run_python_task() {
     local cmd="$1"
     shift
     
-    # 检查是否需要帮助
+    # Check if help flag requested
     for arg in "$@"; do
         if [[ "$arg" == "--help" || "$arg" == "-h" ]]; then
-            step "显示 $cmd 命令帮助..."
+            step "Showing help for $cmd..."
             setup_venv
             source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate"
             python3 scripts/task.py "$cmd" --help
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ run_python_task() {
         fi
     done
     
-    # 根据命令类型进行智能参数解析
+    # Smart argument parsing based on command
     case "$cmd" in
         "clippy")
             parse_clippy_args "$@"
@@ -169,10 +168,10 @@ run_python_task() {
             parse_run_args "$@"
             ;;
         *)
-            # 其他命令直接透传所有参数
-            step "执行 $cmd 命令..."
+            # Other commands: pass all args
+            step "Executing command $cmd..."
             if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
-                debug "参数: $*"
+                debug "Args: $*"
             fi
             setup_venv
             source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate"
@@ -181,12 +180,12 @@ run_python_task() {
     esac
 }
 
-# 解析 clippy 命令参数
+# Parse clippy command arguments
 parse_clippy_args() {
-    local arch="aarch64"  # 默认架构
+    local arch="aarch64"  # default arch
     local extra_args=()
     
-    # 解析参数
+    # Parse args
     while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
         case $1 in
             --arch)
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ parse_clippy_args() {
                 shift 2
                 ;;
             *)
-                # 如果没有 --arch 标志且是第一个未处理的参数，将其作为架构
+                # First positional arg (without --arch) is treated as architecture
                 if [[ ${#extra_args[@]} -eq 0 && "$1" != -* ]]; then
                     arch="$1"
                     shift
@@ -206,9 +205,9 @@ parse_clippy_args() {
         esac
     done
     
-    step "运行代码检查 (架构: $arch)..."
+    step "Running clippy (arch: $arch)..."
     if [[ ${#extra_args[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
-        debug "额外参数: ${extra_args[*]}"
+    debug "Extra args: ${extra_args[*]}"
     fi
     
     setup_venv
@@ -216,12 +215,12 @@ parse_clippy_args() {
     python3 scripts/task.py clippy --arch "$arch" "${extra_args[@]}"
 }
 
-# 解析 disk_img 命令参数
+# Parse disk_img command arguments
 parse_disk_img_args() {
-    local image="disk.img"  # 默认镜像名
+    local image="disk.img"  # default image name
     local extra_args=()
     
-    # 解析参数
+    # Parse args
     while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
         case $1 in
             --image)
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@ parse_disk_img_args() {
                 shift 2
                 ;;
             *)
-                # 如果没有 --image 标志且是第一个未处理的参数，将其作为镜像名
+                # First positional arg (without --image) is image name
                 if [[ ${#extra_args[@]} -eq 0 && "$1" != -* ]]; then
                     image="$1"
                     shift
@@ -241,9 +240,9 @@ parse_disk_img_args() {
         esac
     done
     
-    step "创建磁盘镜像: $image"
+    step "Creating disk image: $image"
     if [[ ${#extra_args[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
-        debug "额外参数: ${extra_args[*]}"
+    debug "Extra args: ${extra_args[*]}"
     fi
     
     setup_venv
@@ -251,11 +250,11 @@ parse_disk_img_args() {
     python3 scripts/task.py disk_img --image "$image" "${extra_args[@]}"
 }
 
-# 解析 build 命令参数
+# Parse build command arguments
 parse_build_args() {
-    step "构建项目..."
+    step "Building project..."
     if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
-        debug "构建参数: $*"
+    debug "Build args: $*"
     fi
     
     setup_venv
@@ -263,11 +262,11 @@ parse_build_args() {
     python3 scripts/task.py build "$@"
 }
 
-# 解析 run 命令参数
+# Parse run command arguments
 parse_run_args() {
-    step "运行项目..."
+    step "Running project..."
     if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
-        debug "运行参数: $*"
+    debug "Run args: $*"
     fi
     
     setup_venv
@@ -275,112 +274,112 @@ parse_run_args() {
     python3 scripts/task.py run "$@"
 }
 
-# 显示帮助信息
+# Show help information
 show_help() {
-    echo -e "${CYAN}🔧 Axvisor 项目管理工具${NC}"
+    echo -e "${CYAN}🔧 Axvisor Project Management Tool${NC}"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}📋 用法:${NC} $0 <命令> [参数...]"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}📋 Usage:${NC} $0 <command> [args...]"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}🛠️ 环境管理:${NC}"
-    echo "  setup           - 🚀 设置开发环境"
-    echo "  defconfig       - ⚙️ 设置默认配置文件"
-    echo "  check-deps      - ✅ 检查系统依赖"
-    echo "  rebuild-venv    - 🔄 强制重建虚拟环境"
-    echo "  dev-env         - 🔧 开发环境工具"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}🛠️ Environment:${NC}"
+    echo "  setup           - 🚀 Setup development environment"
+    echo "  defconfig       - ⚙️ Copy default config file"
+    echo "  check-deps      - ✅ Check system dependencies"
+    echo "  rebuild-venv    - 🔄 Force rebuild virtual environment"
+    echo "  dev-env         - 🔧 Development environment helper"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}🔨 构建命令:${NC}"
-    echo "  build [args]    - 🏗️ 构建项目 (支持完整参数透传)"
-    echo "  clean [args]    - 🧹 清理构建产物"
-    echo "  clippy [args]   - 🔍 运行代码检查 (支持 --arch 和其他参数)"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}🔨 Build:${NC}"
+    echo "  build [args]    - 🏗️ Build project (args passthrough)"
+    echo "  clean [args]    - 🧹 Clean build artifacts"
+    echo "  clippy [args]   - 🔍 Run clippy lint (supports --arch)"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}▶️ 运行命令:${NC}"
-    echo "  run [args]      - 🚀 运行项目 (支持完整参数透传)"
-    echo "  disk_img [args] - 💾 创建磁盘镜像 (支持 --image 和其他参数)"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}▶️ Run:${NC}"
+    echo "  run [args]      - 🚀 Run project (args passthrough)"
+    echo "  disk_img [args] - 💾 Create disk image (supports --image)"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️ 信息命令:${NC}"
-    echo "  status          - 📊 显示项目状态"
-    echo "  version         - 📦 显示版本信息"
-    echo "  help            - ❓ 显示此帮助信息"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}ℹ️ Info:${NC}"
+    echo "  status          - 📊 Show project status"
+    echo "  version         - 📦 Show version information"
+    echo "  help            - ❓ Show this help"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}🎯 高级功能:${NC}"
-    echo "  • 所有命令支持 --help 查看详细参数"
-    echo "  • 参数完全透传到 task.py，支持所有原生功能"
-    echo "  • 智能参数解析，兼容新老调用方式"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}🎯 Advanced:${NC}"
+    echo "  • All commands support --help"
+    echo "  • Arguments passed directly to task.py"
+    echo "  • Smart argument parsing (legacy/new)"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}📚 构建示例:${NC}"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}📚 Build examples:${NC}"
     echo "  $0 build --plat aarch64-qemu-virt-hv"
     echo "  $0 build --plat aarch64-generic --features fs"
     echo "  $0 clippy --arch aarch64"
     echo
-    echo -e "${YELLOW}🎮 运行示例:${NC}"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}🎮 Run examples:${NC}"
     echo "  $0 run --plat aarch64-qemu-virt-hv"
     echo "  $0 run --vmconfigs configs/vms/linux-qemu-aarch64.toml"
 }
 
-# 显示项目状态
+# Show project status
 show_status() {
-    step "项目状态"
+    step "Project status"
     
-    echo "项目根目录: $PROJECT_ROOT"
-    echo "配置文件: $([ -f "$HVCONFIG" ] && echo "✓ 存在" || echo "✗ 不存在")"
-    echo "虚拟环境: $([ -d "$VENV_DIR" ] && echo "✓ 已设置" || echo "✗ 未设置")"
+    echo "Project root: $PROJECT_ROOT"
+    echo "Config file: $([ -f "$HVCONFIG" ] && echo "✓ Present" || echo "✗ Missing")"
+    echo "Virtual env: $([ -d "$VENV_DIR" ] && echo "✓ Present" || echo "✗ Missing")"
     
     if [[ -f "$VENV_MARKER" ]]; then
-        echo "环境状态: ✓ 已初始化"
-        local timestamp=$(grep "timestamp:" "$VENV_MARKER" 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f2- || echo "未知")
-        echo "初始化时间: $timestamp"
+    echo "Env status: ✓ Initialized"
+    local timestamp=$(grep "timestamp:" "$VENV_MARKER" 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f2- || echo "unknown")
+    echo "Initialized time: $timestamp"
     else
-        echo "环境状态: ✗ 未初始化"
+    echo "Env status: ✗ Not initialized"
     fi
     
-    # 检查系统依赖
-    echo "系统依赖:"
+    # Check system dependencies
+    echo "System deps:"
     command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "  Python3: ✓" || echo "  Python3: ✗"
     command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "  Cargo: ✓" || echo "  Cargo: ✗"
     
-    # 显示最近的构建产物
+    # Show latest build artifact timestamp
     if [[ -f "axvisor-dev_aarch64-generic.bin" ]]; then
         local build_time=$(stat -c %y "axvisor-dev_aarch64-generic.bin" 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f1,2)
-        echo "最近构建: $build_time"
+    echo "Latest build: $build_time"
     fi
 }
 
-# 显示版本信息
+# Show version information
 show_version() {
-    echo "Axvisor 管理脚本 v2.0"
-    echo "项目: axvisor-dev"
-    echo "分支: $(git branch --show-current 2>/dev/null || echo "未知")"
-    echo "提交: $(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "未知")"
+    echo "Axvisor management script v2.0"
+    echo "Project: axvisor-dev"
+    echo "Branch: $(git branch --show-current 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")"
+    echo "Commit: $(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")"
 }
 
-# 强制重建虚拟环境
+# Force rebuild virtual environment
 rebuild_venv() {
-    step "强制重建虚拟环境..."
+    step "Force rebuilding virtual environment..."
     
     if [[ -d "$VENV_DIR" ]]; then
-        warning "删除现有虚拟环境..."
+    warning "Removing existing virtual environment..."
         rm -rf "$VENV_DIR"
     fi
     
     setup_venv
-    success "虚拟环境重建完成"
+    success "Virtual environment rebuilt"
 }
 
-# 设置完整的开发环境
+# Setup full development environment
 setup_environment() {
-    step "设置开发环境..."
+    step "Setting up development environment..."
     check_system_deps
     setup_venv
-    success "开发环境设置完成"
+    success "Development environment setup completed"
 }
 
-# 主命令处理
+# Main command dispatcher
 main() {
     local cmd="${1:-help}"
     shift || true  # 移除第一个参数，剩余参数传递给子命令
     
     case "$cmd" in
-        # 帮助和信息
+    # Help & info
         "help"|"-h"|"--help")
             show_help
             ;;
@@ -391,7 +390,7 @@ main() {
             show_status
             ;;
             
-        # 环境管理
+    # Environment management
         "setup")
             setup_environment
             ;;
@@ -406,18 +405,18 @@ main() {
             rebuild_venv
             ;;
             
-        # 构建和开发命令 - 统一使用 run_python_task
+    # Build & development commands
         "build")
             run_python_task build "$@"
             ;;
         "clean")
             run_python_task clean "$@"
-            # 额外清理 cargo 产物
+            # Additionally clean cargo artifacts
             if command -v cargo >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-                step "清理 Cargo 构建产物..."
+                step "Cleaning Cargo build artifacts..."
                 cargo clean
             fi
-            success "清理完成"
+            success "Clean completed"
             ;;
         "clippy")
             run_python_task clippy "$@"
@@ -429,26 +428,26 @@ main() {
             run_python_task disk_img "$@"
             ;;
         "dev-env")
-            step "设置开发环境..."
+            step "Setting up development environment..."
             setup_venv
             source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate"
             python3 scripts/dev_env.py "$@"
             ;;
             
-        # 未知命令
+    # Unknown command
         *)
-            error "未知命令: $cmd"
-            info "使用 '$0 help' 查看可用命令"
+            error "Unknown command: $cmd"
+            info "Use '$0 help' to list available commands"
             exit 1
             ;;
     esac
 }
 
-# 脚本入口点
+# Script entry point
 if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "${0}" ]]; then
-    # 处理中断信号
-    trap 'echo -e "\n${YELLOW}用户中断操作${NC}"; exit 130' INT
+    # Handle interrupt signal
+    trap 'echo -e "\n${YELLOW}User cancelled operation${NC}"; exit 130' INT
     
-    # 执行主函数
+    # Execute main function
     main "$@"
 fi
diff --git a/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/scripts/bootstrap.sh
index 43f26d6b..76e9bce7 100755
--- a/scripts/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -2,51 +2,51 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 # Axvisor Bootstrap Script
-# 此脚本用于创建 Python 虚拟环境并安装 task.py 所需的依赖
+# This script creates a Python virtual environment and installs task.py dependencies
 
-set -e  # 遇到错误时退出
+set -e  # Exit on error
 
-# 颜色输出
+# Colored output
 RED='\033[0;31m'
 GREEN='\033[0;32m'
 YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
 BLUE='\033[0;34m'
 NC='\033[0m' # No Color
 
-# 输出函数
+# Output helpers
 info() { echo -e "${BLUE}ℹ${NC} $1"; }
 success() { echo -e "${GREEN}✓${NC} $1"; }
 warning() { echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠${NC} $1"; }
 error() { echo -e "${RED}✗${NC} $1"; }
 
-# 获取项目根目录
+# Get project root directory
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
 cd "$PROJECT_ROOT"
 
-# 检查是否已经在虚拟环境中
+# If already inside a virtual environment, just update deps
 if [[ -n "$VIRTUAL_ENV" ]]; then
-    info "检测到已在虚拟环境中: $VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    info "Detected active virtual environment: $VIRTUAL_ENV"
     
-    # 检查 requirements.txt 文件是否存在
+    # Ensure requirements.txt exists
     if [[ ! -f "scripts/requirements.txt" ]]; then
-        error "scripts/requirements.txt 文件未找到"
+    error "scripts/requirements.txt not found"
         exit 1
     fi
     
-    # 安装/更新依赖
-    info "更新 Python 依赖..."
+    # Install / update dependencies
+    info "Updating Python dependencies..."
     pip install -q -r scripts/requirements.txt -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
-    success "依赖更新完成"
+    success "Dependencies updated"
     exit 0
 fi
 
-# 虚拟环境和标记文件
+# Virtual environment and marker file
 VENV_DIR="venv"
 MARKER_FILE="$VENV_DIR/.bootstrapped"
 REQUIREMENTS_FILE="scripts/requirements.txt"
 
-# 计算依赖哈希值
+# Compute dependency hash
 compute_dep_hash() {
     local pyver
     pyver=$(python3 --version 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
@@ -60,128 +60,128 @@ compute_dep_hash() {
     fi
 }
 
-# 检查是否需要重新引导
+# Decide if bootstrap is needed
 check_bootstrap_needed() {
-    # 如果虚拟环境不存在，需要引导
+    # Need bootstrap if venv directory missing
     if [[ ! -d "$VENV_DIR" ]]; then
-        return 0  # 需要引导
+    return 0  # need bootstrap
     fi
     
-    # 如果标记文件不存在，需要引导
+    # Need bootstrap if marker file missing
     if [[ ! -f "$MARKER_FILE" ]]; then
-        return 0  # 需要引导
+    return 0  # need bootstrap
     fi
     
-    # 检查哈希值是否匹配
+    # Check dependency hash
     local existing_hash current_hash
     existing_hash=$(awk -F":" '/^hash:/ {print $2}' "$MARKER_FILE" 2>/dev/null | tr -d '[:space:]') || existing_hash=""
     current_hash=$(compute_dep_hash)
     
     if [[ "$existing_hash" != "$current_hash" ]]; then
-        info "检测到依赖变更，需要重新引导"
-        return 0  # 需要引导
+    info "Dependency changes detected, re-bootstrap required"
+    return 0  # need bootstrap
     fi
     
-    # 检查虚拟环境的Python是否可用
+    # Ensure python executable exists in venv
     if [[ ! -x "$VENV_DIR/bin/python3" ]]; then
-        warning "虚拟环境的 Python 不可用，需要重新引导"
-        return 0  # 需要引导
+    warning "Python in virtual env not available, re-bootstrap required"
+    return 0  # need bootstrap
     fi
     
-    return 1  # 不需要引导
+    return 1  # bootstrap not needed
 }
-# 快速检查并退出
+# Fast path: already bootstrapped
 if ! check_bootstrap_needed; then
-    success "引导已完成且依赖未更改，跳过引导"
+    success "Bootstrap already done and dependencies unchanged, skipping"
     exit 0
 fi
 
-info "开始设置 Python 虚拟环境..."
+info "Starting Python virtual environment setup..."
 
-# 检查系统依赖
+# Check system dependencies
 check_system_deps() {
-    info "检查系统依赖..."
+    info "Checking system dependencies..."
     
-    # 检查 Python 3
+    # Check python3 exists
     if ! command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        error "python3 未找到，请先安装 Python 3"
+    error "python3 not found. Please install Python 3"
         exit 1
     fi
     
-    # 检查 Python 版本
+    # Report Python version
     local pyver
     pyver=$(python3 --version 2>&1 | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d. -f1,2)
-    info "检测到 Python 版本: $pyver"
+    info "Detected Python version: $pyver"
     
-    # 检查 venv 模块
+    # Check venv module
     if ! python3 -c "import venv" 2>/dev/null; then
-        error "python3-venv 模块未找到"
-        echo "请安装 python3-venv:"
-        echo "  Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt install python3-venv"
-        echo "  CentOS/RHEL:   sudo yum install python3-venv"
-        echo "  Fedora:        sudo dnf install python3-venv"
+    error "python3-venv module not found"
+    echo "Install python3-venv via your package manager:"
+    echo "  Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt install python3-venv"
+    echo "  CentOS/RHEL:   sudo yum install python3-venv"
+    echo "  Fedora:        sudo dnf install python3-venv"
         exit 1
     fi
     
-    # 检查 requirements.txt
+    # Check requirements.txt exists
     if [[ ! -f "$REQUIREMENTS_FILE" ]]; then
-        error "$REQUIREMENTS_FILE 文件未找到"
+    error "$REQUIREMENTS_FILE not found"
         exit 1
     fi
     
-    success "系统依赖检查完成"
+    success "System dependency check passed"
 }
 
-# 创建虚拟环境
+# Create virtual environment
 setup_venv() {
-    info "设置虚拟环境..."
+    info "Preparing virtual environment..."
     
-    # 如果虚拟环境已存在但损坏，删除它
+    # Remove broken venv
     if [[ -d "$VENV_DIR" ]] && [[ ! -x "$VENV_DIR/bin/python3" ]]; then
-        warning "检测到损坏的虚拟环境，正在删除..."
+    warning "Corrupted virtual environment detected, removing..."
         rm -rf "$VENV_DIR"
     fi
     
-    # 创建虚拟环境
+    # Create venv if missing
     if [[ ! -d "$VENV_DIR" ]]; then
-        info "创建新的虚拟环境..."
+    info "Creating new virtual environment..."
         python3 -m venv "$VENV_DIR"
-        success "虚拟环境已创建"
+    success "Virtual environment created"
     else
-        info "使用现有虚拟环境"
+    info "Using existing virtual environment"
     fi
 }
 
-# 安装依赖
+# Install dependencies
 install_deps() {
-    info "安装 Python 依赖..."
+    info "Installing Python dependencies..."
     
     # 激活虚拟环境
     source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate"
     
-    # 升级 pip（静默）
+    # Upgrade pip (quiet)
     python -m pip install -q --upgrade pip -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
     
-    # 安装依赖
+    # Install requirements
     pip install -q -r "$REQUIREMENTS_FILE" -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
     
-    success "依赖安装完成"
+    success "Dependencies installed"
 }
 
-# 验证安装
+# Verify installation
 verify_installation() {
-    info "验证安装..."
+    info "Verifying installation..."
     
     # 测试 task.py
     if source "$VENV_DIR/bin/activate" && python3 ./scripts/task.py --help >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        success "task.py 运行正常"
+    success "task.py runs correctly"
     else
-        error "task.py 运行失败"
+    error "task.py execution failed"
         exit 1
     fi
 }
 
-# 写入完成标记
+# Write completion marker
 write_marker() {
     local dep_hash
     dep_hash=$(compute_dep_hash)
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ timestamp: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
 python_version: $(python3 --version)
 EOF
     
-    success "引导完成标记已写入 (hash: ${dep_hash:0:8}...)"
+    success "Bootstrap marker written (hash: ${dep_hash:0:8}...)"
 }
 
-# 主要执行流程
+# Main execution flow
 main() {
     check_system_deps
     setup_venv
@@ -203,10 +203,10 @@ main() {
     verify_installation
     write_marker
     
-    success "虚拟环境设置完成！"
-    info "使用 'source venv/bin/activate' 激活环境"
-    info "使用 'make help' 查看可用命令"
+    success "Virtual environment setup complete!"
+    info "Activate with: source venv/bin/activate"
+    info "Use 'make help' to see available commands"
 }
 
-# 执行主函数
+# Execute main function
 main "$@"
diff --git a/scripts/build.py b/scripts/build.py
index 1bd4e893..c54e5294 100644
--- a/scripts/build.py
+++ b/scripts/build.py
@@ -9,50 +9,52 @@
 
 
 def main(args) -> int:
-    """构建项目"""
-    print("执行 build 功能...")
+    """Build the project"""
+    print("Running build task...")
 
-    # 获取配置文件路径
+    # Get config file path
     config_file_path = getattr(args, "config", ".hvconfig.toml")
-
-    # 检查配置文件是否存在
+    # Check if config file exists
     config_exists = os.path.exists(config_file_path)
 
-    # 首先设置 arceos 依赖
-    print("设置 arceos 依赖...")
+    # Setup arceos dependency first
+    print("Setting up arceos dependency...")
     if not setup_arceos():
-        print("设置 arceos 失败，无法继续构建")
+        print("Failed to setup arceos, cannot build")
         return 1
 
-    # 创建配置对象
+    # Create config object
     config: AxvisorConfig = create_config_from_args(args)
-
-    # 构建 make 命令
+    # Build make command
     cmd = config.format_make_command("")
 
-    print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+    print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
 
     try:
-        # 执行 make 命令
+        # Run make command
         result = subprocess.run(
             cmd, shell=True, check=True, env=config.get_subprocess_env()
         )
-        print("构建成功!")
+        print("Build succeeded!")
 
-        # 如果配置文件不存在且有有意义的命令行参数，则创建配置文件
+        # If config file missing and CLI args meaningful, create the config file
         if not config_exists:
-            print(f"检测到 {config_file_path} 不存在，根据命令行参数创建配置文件...")
+            print(
+                f"Detected missing {config_file_path}, creating config file from arguments..."
+            )
             if save_config_to_file(config, config_file_path):
                 print(
-                    f"配置文件创建成功，下次可以直接运行 './task.py build -c {config_file_path}' 而无需指定参数"
+                    f"Config file created. Next time just run './task.py build -c {config_file_path}'"
                 )
             else:
-                print("配置文件创建失败，下次仍需手动指定参数")
+                print(
+                    "Failed to create config file; you'll need to pass arguments again next run"
+                )
 
         return 0
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(f"构建失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+        print(f"Build failed, exit code: {e.returncode}")
         return e.returncode
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"构建过程中发生错误: {e}")
+        print(f"Error during build: {e}")
         return 1
diff --git a/scripts/clean.py b/scripts/clean.py
index f99e9b24..d8ef62fb 100644
--- a/scripts/clean.py
+++ b/scripts/clean.py
@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@
 
 
 def main(args) -> int:
-    """清理构建产物"""
-    print("执行 clean 功能...")
+    """Clean build artifacts"""
+    print("Running clean task...")
 
-    # 首先设置 arceos 依赖
-    print("设置 arceos 依赖...")
+    # Setup arceos dependency first
+    print("Setting up arceos dependency...")
     if not setup_arceos():
-        print("设置 arceos 失败，无法继续执行 clean")
+        print("Failed to setup arceos, cannot clean")
         return 1
 
     cmd = format_make_command_base()
 
     cmd.append("clean")
 
-    # 构建 make 命令
+    # Build make command string
     cmd = " ".join(cmd)
 
-    print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+    print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
 
     try:
-        # 执行 make 命令
+        # Run make command
         subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)
-        print("清理完成!")
+        print("Clean succeeded!")
         return 0
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(f"清理失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+        print(f"Clean failed, exit code: {e.returncode}")
         return e.returncode
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"清理过程中发生错误: {e}")
+        print(f"Error during clean: {e}")
         return 1
diff --git a/scripts/clippy.py b/scripts/clippy.py
index 18c30da4..c7db4e37 100644
--- a/scripts/clippy.py
+++ b/scripts/clippy.py
@@ -15,62 +15,61 @@
 
 
 def main(args) -> int:
-    """运行 clippy 代码检查"""
-    print("执行 clippy 功能...")
+    """Run clippy lint checks"""
+    print("Running clippy task...")
 
-    # 首先设置 arceos 依赖
-    print("设置 arceos 依赖...")
+    # First setup arceos dependency
+    print("Setting up arceos dependency...")
     if not setup_arceos():
-        print("设置 arceos 失败，无法继续执行 clippy")
+        print("Failed to setup arceos, cannot continue clippy")
         return 1
-    # 读取根目录的 Cargo.toml 并解析 [features]
+    # Read root Cargo.toml and parse [features]
     cargo_toml_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "Cargo.toml")
     if not os.path.exists(cargo_toml_path):
-        print(f"未找到 {cargo_toml_path}，无法继续")
+        print(f"Not found {cargo_toml_path}, abort")
         return 1
-
-    # 解析 Cargo.toml，使用第三方 toml 包（文本模式）
+    # Parse Cargo.toml using third-party toml package
     parsed = None
     if _toml_impl is None:
-        print("需要安装 python-toml 包（pip install toml）来解析 Cargo.toml")
+        print("Need python 'toml' package (pip install toml) to parse Cargo.toml")
         return 1
     try:
         with open(cargo_toml_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             parsed = _toml_impl.load(f)
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"解析 Cargo.toml 失败: {e}")
+        print(f"Failed to parse Cargo.toml: {e}")
         return 1
 
     features_dict = parsed.get("features", {}) if isinstance(parsed, dict) else {}
     all_features: List[str] = list(features_dict.keys())
 
-    # 找出以 plat- 开头的 feature
+    # Collect features starting with plat-
     plat_features = [f for f in all_features if f.startswith("plat-")]
-    # 其他非 plat 的 feature
+    # Non-plat features
     non_plat_features = [f for f in all_features if not f.startswith("plat-")]
 
     if not plat_features:
         print(
-            "在 Cargo.toml 的 [features] 中未找到以 'plat-' 开头的 feature，将以所有 feature 运行一次 clippy"
+            "No 'plat-' features found in Cargo.toml [features]; running single clippy pass with all features"
         )
         features_arg = ",".join(all_features) if all_features else ""
         cmd_parts = ["cargo", "clippy"]
         if features_arg:
             cmd_parts.extend(["--features", f'"{features_arg}"'])
         cmd = " ".join(cmd_parts)
-        print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+        print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
         try:
             subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)
-            print("clippy 检查完成!")
+            print("Clippy finished successfully")
             return 0
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            print(f"clippy 检查失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+            print(f"Clippy failed with exit code: {e.returncode}")
             return e.returncode
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"clippy 检查过程中发生错误: {e}")
+            print(f"Error while running clippy: {e}")
             return 1
 
-    # 简单的 arch -> target 三元组映射（可按需扩展）
+    # Simple arch -> target triple map (extend as needed)
     arch_target_map = {
         "aarch64": "aarch64-unknown-none-softfloat",
         "x86": "x86_64-unknown-none",
@@ -81,12 +80,12 @@ def main(args) -> int:
 
     any_failure = False
     for plat in plat_features:
-        # 从 plat 名称尝试提取 arch token（plat-<arch>-...）
+        # Extract arch token from plat name (plat-<arch>-...)
         parts = plat.split("-")
         arch_token = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 else None
         target = arch_target_map.get(arch_token) if arch_token else None
 
-        # 构建 features: 选中当前 plat + 所有非 plat features（避免同时启用多个 plat）
+        # Build features: current plat + all non-plat ones (avoid enabling multiple plat features)
         features_to_use = [plat] + non_plat_features
         features_arg = ",".join(features_to_use) if features_to_use else ""
 
@@ -96,17 +95,25 @@ def main(args) -> int:
         if features_arg:
             cmd_parts.extend(["--features", f'"{features_arg}"'])
 
+        cmd_parts.extend(
+            [
+                "--",
+                "-D",
+                "warnings",
+            ]
+        )
+
         cmd = " ".join(cmd_parts)
-        print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+        print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
 
         try:
             subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)
-            print(f"{plat}: clippy 检查完成")
+            print(f"{plat}: clippy finished successfully")
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            print(f"{plat}: clippy 检查失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+            print(f"{plat}: clippy failed, exit code: {e.returncode}")
             any_failure = True
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"{plat}: clippy 检查过程中发生错误: {e}")
+            print(f"{plat}: error while running clippy: {e}")
             any_failure = True
 
     return 1 if any_failure else 0
diff --git a/scripts/disk_img.py b/scripts/disk_img.py
index dd7d4840..be263cfd 100644
--- a/scripts/disk_img.py
+++ b/scripts/disk_img.py
@@ -9,43 +9,42 @@
 
 
 def main(args) -> int:
-    """创建磁盘镜像"""
-    print("执行 disk_img 功能...")
+    """Create disk image"""
+    print("Running disk_img task...")
 
-    # 首先设置 arceos 依赖
-    print("设置 arceos 依赖...")
+    # Setup arceos dependency first
+    print("Setting up arceos dependency...")
     if not setup_arceos():
-        print("设置 arceos 失败，无法继续执行 disk_img")
+        print("Failed to setup arceos, cannot create disk image")
         return 1
 
     cmd = format_make_command_base()
 
     if args.image:
-        # 处理镜像路径，如果是相对路径则转换为绝对路径
+        # Handle image path: convert relative path to absolute
         image_path = args.image
         if not os.path.isabs(image_path):
-            # 相对于项目根目录计算绝对路径
+            # Compute absolute path relative to project root
             project_root = os.getcwd()
             image_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(project_root, image_path))
-
-        # 如果指定了镜像路径和文件名，则添加到命令中
+        # Add image path to command if specified
         cmd.append(f"DISK_IMG={image_path}")
 
     cmd.append("disk_img")
 
-    # 构建 make 命令
+    # Build make command
     cmd = " ".join(cmd)
 
-    print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+    print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
 
     try:
-        # 执行 make 命令
+        # Run make command
         subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)
-        print("磁盘镜像创建完成!")
+        print("Disk image created successfully!")
         return 0
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(f"磁盘镜像创建失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+        print(f"Disk image creation failed, exit code: {e.returncode}")
         return e.returncode
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"磁盘镜像创建过程中发生错误: {e}")
+        print(f"Error during disk image creation: {e}")
         return 1
diff --git a/scripts/requirements.txt b/scripts/requirements.txt
index 7fc9d50d..861a3962 100644
--- a/scripts/requirements.txt
+++ b/scripts/requirements.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-# Axvisor task.py 依赖
+# Axvisor task.py dependencies
 toml>=0.10.0
diff --git a/scripts/run.py b/scripts/run.py
index 383a89cc..c3675e0c 100644
--- a/scripts/run.py
+++ b/scripts/run.py
@@ -10,34 +10,32 @@
 
 
 def main(args) -> int:
-    """运行项目"""
-    print("执行 run 功能...")
+    """Run the project"""
+    print("Running run task...")
 
-    # 创建配置对象
+    # Create config object
     config: AxvisorConfig = create_config_from_args(args)
-
-    # 首先执行 build
-    print("运行前先构建项目...")
+    # Build first
+    print("Building project before run...")
     build_result = build.main(args)
     if build_result != 0:
-        print("构建失败，无法运行")
+        print("Build failed; aborting run")
         return build_result
-
-    # 构建 make 命令
+    # Build make command
     cmd = config.format_make_command("run")
 
-    print(f"执行命令: {cmd}")
+    print(f"Executing: {cmd}")
 
     try:
-        # 执行 make run 命令
+        # Run make run command
         result = subprocess.run(
             cmd, shell=True, check=True, env=config.get_subprocess_env()
         )
-        print("运行完成!")
+        print("Run completed!")
         return 0
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(f"运行失败，退出码: {e.returncode}")
+        print(f"Run failed, exit code: {e.returncode}")
         return e.returncode
     except Exception as e:
-        print(f"运行过程中发生错误: {e}")
+        print(f"Error during run: {e}")
         return 1
diff --git a/scripts/setup.py b/scripts/setup.py
index 7393e2b7..38fd5dbb 100644
--- a/scripts/setup.py
+++ b/scripts/setup.py
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 
 
 def setup_arceos():
-    """设置 arceos 依赖"""
+    """Setup arceos dependency"""
     arceos_dir = ".arceos"
 
     if not os.path.exists(arceos_dir):
-        print("正在克隆 arceos 仓库...")
+        print("Cloning arceos repository...")
         try:
-            # 克隆 arceos 仓库
+            # Clone arceos repository
             result = subprocess.run(
                 [
                     "git",
@@ -25,22 +25,21 @@ def setup_arceos():
                 capture_output=True,
                 text=True,
             )
-
-            print("arceos 仓库克隆完成")
+            print("arceos repository cloned")
             return True
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            print(f"克隆 arceos 仓库失败: {e}")
-            print(f"错误输出: {e.stderr}")
+            print(f"Failed to clone arceos repository: {e}")
+            print(f"Stderr: {e.stderr}")
             return False
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"设置 arceos 过程中发生错误: {e}")
+            print(f"Error while setting up arceos: {e}")
             return False
     else:
-        print(".arceos 文件夹已存在")
+        print(".arceos directory already exists")
         return True
 
 
 def main(args=None):
-    """作为独立命令使用时的入口"""
-    print("执行 setup-arceos 功能...")
+    """Entry point when used as standalone command"""
+    print("Running setup-arceos task...")
     return 0 if setup_arceos() else 1
diff --git a/src/vmm/config.rs b/src/vmm/config.rs
index fa14b3c0..06afc5ca 100644
--- a/src/vmm/config.rs
+++ b/src/vmm/config.rs
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ use crate::vmm::fdt::*;
 
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 
-#[allow(clippy::module_inception)]
+#[allow(clippy::module_inception, dead_code)]
 pub mod config {
     use alloc::string::String;
     use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
     /// Default static VM configs. Used when no VM config is provided.
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn default_static_vm_configs() -> Vec<&'static str> {
         vec![
             #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
diff --git a/src/vmm/fdt/mod.rs b/src/vmm/fdt/mod.rs
index ad294cf9..b76da293 100644
--- a/src/vmm/fdt/mod.rs
+++ b/src/vmm/fdt/mod.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ pub fn get_developer_provided_dtb(
             use axerrno::ax_err_type;
             use std::io::{BufReader, Read};
             if let Some(dtb_path) = &crate_config.kernel.dtb_path {
-                let (dtb_file, dtb_size) = crate::vmm::images::open_image_file(dtb_path).unwrap();
+                let (dtb_file, dtb_size) =
+                    crate::vmm::images::fs::open_image_file(dtb_path).unwrap();
                 info!("DTB file in fs, size: 0x{:x}", dtb_size);
 
                 let mut file = BufReader::new(dtb_file);
diff --git a/src/vmm/images/mod.rs b/src/vmm/images/mod.rs
index 922a15a2..cfe0fca7 100644
--- a/src/vmm/images/mod.rs
+++ b/src/vmm/images/mod.rs
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub fn load_vm_image_from_memory(
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "fs")]
-mod fs {
+pub mod fs {
     use super::*;
     use crate::hal::CacheOp;
     use axerrno::{AxResult, ax_err, ax_err_type};
@@ -328,6 +328,3 @@ mod fs {
         Ok((file, file_size))
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(feature = "fs")]
-pub use fs::open_image_file;