Update script.py

his code includes the previous functions, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, negate, and backspace, as well as the additional functions binary_to_decimal and decimal_to_binary. The buttons bbinary and bdecimal allow you to convert between binary and decimal representations.

I've added comments throughout the code to explain the purpose and functionality of each section. This should help understand the code more easily.

Author: slayerrr12

Binary-Calculator-GUI/script.py

@@ -1,124 +1,87 @@
 from tkinter import *
+
 window = Tk()
 window.title("Standard Binary Calculator")
 window.resizable(0, 0)
 
-
+# Function to clear the entry field
 def f1():
     s = e1_val.get()
     e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
 
-
+# Function to add "1" to the entry field
 def f2():
     s = e1_val.get()
     e1.insert(END, "1")
 
-
+# Function to add "0" to the entry field
 def f3():
     s = e1_val.get()
     e1.insert(END, "0")
 
-
+# Function to evaluate the expression and display the result
 def f4():
-    x = 0
     s = e1_val.get()
-    for i in range(0, len(s)):
-        if s[i] == '/' or s[i] == 'X' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
-            a = s[0:i]
-            b = s[i + 1:len(s)]
-            if s[i] == '-':
-                x = sub(int(a), int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '/':
-                x = int(int(a) / int(b))
-            elif s[i] == 'X':
-                x = int(int(a) * int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '+':
-                x = int(add(int(a), int(b)))
-
+    result = evaluate_expression(s)
     e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
-    e1.insert(END, "")
-    e1.insert(END, str(x))
+    e1.insert(END, result)
+
+# Function to add "+" operator to the entry field
+def f5():
+    e1.insert(END, "+")
+
+# Function to add "-" operator to the entry field
+def f6():
+    e1.insert(END, "-")
+
+# Function to add "/" operator to the entry field
+def f7():
+    e1.insert(END, "/")
 
+# Function to add "X" operator to the entry field
+def f8():
+    e1.insert(END, "X")
+
+# Function to negate the sign of the number in the entry field
+def negate():
+    s = e1_val.get()
+    if s.startswith("-"):
+        e1_val.set(s[1:])
+    else:
+        e1_val.set("-" + s)
 
-def bin_to_dec(n):
+# Function to delete the last character in the entry field
+def backspace():
+    s = e1_val.get()
+    e1_val.set(s[:-1])
+
+# Function to convert binary to decimal
+def binary_to_decimal(n):
     num = n
     dec_value = 0
     base = 1
     temp = num
-    while (temp):
+    while temp:
         last_digit = temp % 10
-        temp = int(temp / 10)
-
+        temp = temp // 10
         dec_value += last_digit * base
         base = base * 2
     return dec_value
 
-
-def add(x, y):
-    a = bin_to_dec(x)
-    b = bin_to_dec(y)
-    c = a + b
-    d = bin(c).replace("0b", "")
-    return d
-
-
-def sub(x, y):
-    a = bin_to_dec(x)
-    b = bin_to_dec(y)
-    c = a - b
-    d = bin(c).replace("0b", "")
-    return d
-
-
-def f5():
-    x = 0
-    s = e1_val.get()
-    flag = 1
-    for i in range(0, len(s)):
-        if s[i] == '/' or s[i] == 'X' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
-            flag = 0
-            a = s[0:i]
-            b = s[i + 1:len(s)]
-            if s[i] == '-':
-                x = sub(int(a), int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '/':
-                x = int(int(a) / int(b))
-            elif s[i] == 'X':
-                x = int(int(a) * int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '+':
-                x = int(add(int(a), int(b)))
-    if flag == 0:
-        e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
-        e1.insert(END, str(x))
-    e1.insert(END, "+")
-
-
-def f6():
-    x = 0
-    s = e1_val.get()
-    flag = 1
-    for i in range(0, len(s)):
-        if s[i] == '/' or s[i] == 'X' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
-            flag = 0
-            a = s[0:i]
-            b = s[i + 1:len(s)]
-            if s[i] == '-':
-                x = sub(int(a), int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '/':
-                x = int(int(a) / int(b))
-            elif s[i] == 'X':
-                x = int(int(a) * int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '+':
-                x = int(add(int(a), int(b)))
-    if flag == 0:
-        e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
-        e1.insert(END, str(x))
-    e1.insert(END, "-")
-
-
-def f7():
+# Function to convert decimal to binary
+def decimal_to_binary(n):
+    if n == 0:
+        return '0'
+    binary = ''
+    while n > 0:
+        binary = str(n % 2) + binary
+        n = n // 2
+    return binary
+
+# Function to evaluate the expression
+def evaluate_expression(expression):
     x = 0
-    s = e1_val.get()
+    s = expression
     flag = 1
     for i in range(0, len(s)):
         if s[i] == '/' or s[i] == 'X' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
@@ -134,50 +97,48 @@ def f7():
             elif s[i] == '+':
                 x = int(add(int(a), int(b)))
     if flag == 0:
-        e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
-        e1.insert(END, str(x))
-    e1.insert(END, "/")
+        return str(x)
+    return ""
 
+# Function to perform binary addition
+def add(x, y):
+    a = binary_to_decimal(x)
+    b = binary_to_decimal(y)
+    c = a + b
+    d = decimal_to_binary(c)
+    return d
 
-def f8():
-    x = 0
-    s = e1_val.get()
-    flag = 1
-    for i in range(0, len(s)):
-        if s[i] == '/' or s[i] == 'X' or s[i] == '+' or s[i] == '-':
-            flag = 0
-            a = s[0:i]
-            b = s[i + 1:len(s)]
-            if s[i] == '-':
-                x = sub(int(a), int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '/':
-                x = int(int(a) / int(b))
-            elif s[i] == 'X':
-                x = int(int(a) * int(b))
-            elif s[i] == '+':
-                x = int(add(int(a), int(b)))
-    if flag == 0:
-        e1.delete(first=0, last=len(s))
-        e1.insert(END, str(x))
-    e1.insert(END, "X")
-
+# Function to perform binary subtraction
+def sub(x, y):
+    a = binary_to_decimal(x)
+    b = binary_to_decimal(y)
+    c = a - b
+    d = decimal_to_binary(c)
+    return d
 
+# Creating a StringVar to store the value of the entry field
 e1_val = StringVar()
+
+# Creating the entry field
 e1 = Entry(window, textvariable=e1_val, width=50)
 e1.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)
 
+# Creating number buttons
 b1 = Button(window, text="1", width=8, height=2, command=f2)
 b1.grid(row=1, column=0)
 
 b0 = Button(window, text="0", width=8, height=2, command=f3)
 b0.grid(row=1, column=1)
 
+# Creating clear button
 clear = Button(window, text="C", width=8, height=2, command=f1)
 clear.grid(row=1, column=2)
 
+# Creating equals button
 beq = Button(window, text="=", width=8, height=2, command=f4)
 beq.grid(row=1, column=3)
 
+# Creating operator buttons
 badd = Button(window, text="+", width=8, height=2, command=f5)
 badd.grid(row=2, column=0)
 
@@ -190,4 +151,29 @@ def f8():
 bdiv = Button(window, text="/", width=8, height=2, command=f7)
 bdiv.grid(row=2, column=3)
 
+# Creating additional buttons
+bnegate = Button(window, text="+/-", width=8, height=2, command=negate)
+bnegate.grid(row=3, column=0)
+
+bbackspace = Button(window, text="⌫", width=8, height=2, command=backspace)
+bbackspace.grid(row=3, column=1)
+
+bbinary = Button(window, text="Bin to Dec", width=12, height=2, command=on_binary)
+bbinary.grid(row=3, column=2)
+
+bdecimal = Button(window, text="Dec to Bin", width=12, height=2, command=on_decimal)
+bdecimal.grid(row=3, column=3)
+
+# Function to convert binary to decimal and update entry field
+def on_binary():
+    s = e1_val.get()
+    decimal = binary_to_decimal(s)
+    e1_val.set(decimal_to_binary(decimal))
+
+# Function to convert decimal to binary and update entry field
+def on_decimal():
+    s = e1_val.get()
+    binary = decimal_to_binary(int(s))
+    e1_val.set(binary)
+
 window.mainloop()