diff --git a/packages/auth/__tests__/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/tokenOrchestrator.test.ts b/packages/auth/__tests__/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/tokenOrchestrator.test.ts
index d514772695a..db8fad4d0aa 100644
--- a/packages/auth/__tests__/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/tokenOrchestrator.test.ts
+++ b/packages/auth/__tests__/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/tokenOrchestrator.test.ts
@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ describe('tokenOrchestrator', () => {
 	});
 
 	describe('handleErrors method', () => {
+		beforeEach(() => {
+			jest.clearAllMocks();
+		});
+
 		it('does not call clearTokens() if the error is a network error thrown from fetch handler', () => {
 			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
 			const error = new AmplifyError({
@@ -109,5 +113,102 @@ describe('tokenOrchestrator', () => {
 
 			expect(clearTokensSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 		});
+
+		it('calls clearTokens() for NotAuthorizedException', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'NotAuthorizedException',
+				message: 'Not authorized',
+			});
+
+			const result = (tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(result).toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('calls clearTokens() for TokenRevokedException', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'TokenRevokedException',
+				message: 'Token revoked',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('calls clearTokens() for UserNotFoundException', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'UserNotFoundException',
+				message: 'User not found',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does not call clearTokens() for service errors (500)', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'InternalServerError',
+				message: 'Internal server error',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does not call clearTokens() for rate limit errors', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'TooManyRequestsException',
+				message: 'Too many requests',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does not call clearTokens() for throttling errors', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'ThrottlingException',
+				message: 'Request throttled',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does not call clearTokens() for temporary service issues', () => {
+			const clearTokensSpy = jest.spyOn(tokenOrchestrator, 'clearTokens');
+			const error = new AmplifyError({
+				name: 'ServiceUnavailable',
+				message: 'Service temporarily unavailable',
+			});
+
+			expect(() => {
+				(tokenOrchestrator as any).handleErrors(error);
+			}).toThrow(error);
+
+			expect(clearTokensSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
 	});
 });
diff --git a/packages/auth/src/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/TokenOrchestrator.ts b/packages/auth/src/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/TokenOrchestrator.ts
index 3f8027d2596..b6b0cafdf57 100644
--- a/packages/auth/src/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/TokenOrchestrator.ts
+++ b/packages/auth/src/providers/cognito/tokenProvider/TokenOrchestrator.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import {
 } from '@aws-amplify/core';
 import {
 	AMPLIFY_SYMBOL,
-	AmplifyErrorCode,
 	assertTokenProviderConfig,
 	isBrowser,
 	isTokenExpired,
@@ -170,10 +169,15 @@ export class TokenOrchestrator implements AuthTokenOrchestrator {
 
 	private handleErrors(err: unknown) {
 		assertServiceError(err);
-		if (err.name !== AmplifyErrorCode.NetworkError) {
-			// TODO(v6): Check errors on client
+
+		// Only clear tokens for definitive authentication failures
+		// Do NOT clear tokens for transient errors like service issues, rate limits, etc.
+		const shouldClearTokens = this.isAuthenticationError(err);
+
+		if (shouldClearTokens) {
 			this.clearTokens();
 		}
+
 		Hub.dispatch(
 			'auth',
 			{
@@ -190,6 +194,22 @@ export class TokenOrchestrator implements AuthTokenOrchestrator {
 		throw err;
 	}
 
+	private isAuthenticationError(err: any): boolean {
+		// Only clear tokens for errors that definitively indicate the tokens are invalid
+		// and re-authentication is required. All other errors (service errors, rate limits, etc.)
+		// should preserve the tokens to allow for retry.
+		// See: https://github.com/aws-amplify/amplify-js/issues/14534
+		const authErrorNames = [
+			'NotAuthorizedException', // Refresh token is expired or invalid
+			'TokenRevokedException', // Token was revoked by admin
+			'UserNotFoundException', // User no longer exists
+			'PasswordResetRequiredException', // User must reset password
+			'UserNotConfirmedException', // User account is not confirmed
+		];
+
+		return authErrorNames.some(errorName => err.name?.startsWith(errorName));
+	}
+
 	async setTokens({ tokens }: { tokens: CognitoAuthTokens }) {
 		return this.getTokenStore().storeTokens(tokens);
 	}