diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/lib/cloud-assembly/schema.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/lib/cloud-assembly/schema.ts
index 4ac55eccf..e593328e9 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/lib/cloud-assembly/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/lib/cloud-assembly/schema.ts
@@ -100,7 +100,12 @@ export interface ArtifactManifest {
   readonly properties?: ArtifactProperties;
 
   /**
-   * A string that represents this artifact. Should only be used in user interfaces.
+   * A string that can be shown to a user to uniquely identify this artifact inside a cloud assembly tree
+   *
+   * Is used by the CLI to present a list of stacks to the user in a way that
+   * makes sense to them. Even though the property name "display name" doesn't
+   * imply it, this field is used to select stacks as well, so all stacks should
+   * have a unique display name.
    *
    * @default - no display name
    */
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/cloud-assembly.schema.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/cloud-assembly.schema.json
index 06d442784..855b0ba0b 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/cloud-assembly.schema.json
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/cloud-assembly.schema.json
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
                     ]
                 },
                 "displayName": {
-                    "description": "A string that represents this artifact. Should only be used in user interfaces. (Default - no display name)",
+                    "description": "A string that can be shown to a user to uniquely identify this artifact inside a cloud assembly tree\n\nIs used by the CLI to present a list of stacks to the user in a way that\nmakes sense to them. Even though the property name \"display name\" doesn't\nimply it, this field is used to select stacks as well, so all stacks should\nhave a unique display name. (Default - no display name)",
                     "type": "string"
                 }
             },
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/version.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/version.json
index 8e791e665..8caae8e30 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/version.json
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloud-assembly-schema/schema/version.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "schemaHash": "78936b0f9299bbe47497dd77f8065d71e65d8d739a0413ad7698ad03b22ef83e",
+  "schemaHash": "96958a4c40e0a00e850f0c14dd6e9c0fc8db0b075f1f155cea41ab198c0514be",
   "revision": 43
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/index.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/index.ts
index a34eb3b9c..c450e67f2 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/index.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/index.ts
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 export * from './toolkit';
 export * from './non-interactive-io-host';
+export * from './types';
+export * from '../api/shared-public';
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/toolkit.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/toolkit.ts
index 9ecf71f45..59fb5df19 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/toolkit.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/toolkit.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import * as fs from 'fs-extra';
 import { NonInteractiveIoHost } from './non-interactive-io-host';
 import type { ToolkitServices } from './private';
 import { assemblyFromSource } from './private';
+import type { DeployResult } from './types';
 import type { BootstrapEnvironments, BootstrapOptions, BootstrapResult, EnvironmentBootstrapResult } from '../actions/bootstrap';
 import { BootstrapSource } from '../actions/bootstrap';
 import { AssetBuildTime, type DeployOptions } from '../actions/deploy';
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder {
    *
    * Deploys the selected stacks into an AWS account
    */
-  public async deploy(cx: ICloudAssemblySource, options: DeployOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
+  public async deploy(cx: ICloudAssemblySource, options: DeployOptions = {}): Promise<DeployResult> {
     const ioHelper = asIoHelper(this.ioHost, 'deploy');
     const assembly = await assemblyFromSource(ioHelper, cx);
     return this._deploy(assembly, 'deploy', options);
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder {
   /**
    * Helper to allow deploy being called as part of the watch action.
    */
-  private async _deploy(assembly: StackAssembly, action: 'deploy' | 'watch', options: ExtendedDeployOptions = {}) {
+  private async _deploy(assembly: StackAssembly, action: 'deploy' | 'watch', options: ExtendedDeployOptions = {}): Promise<DeployResult> {
     const ioHelper = asIoHelper(this.ioHost, action);
     const selectStacks = options.stacks ?? ALL_STACKS;
     const synthSpan = await ioHelper.span(SPAN.SYNTH_ASSEMBLY).begin({ stacks: selectStacks });
@@ -339,9 +340,13 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder {
     await this.validateStacksMetadata(stackCollection, ioHelper);
     const synthDuration = await synthSpan.end();
 
+    const ret: DeployResult = {
+      stacks: [],
+    };
+
     if (stackCollection.stackCount === 0) {
       await ioHelper.notify(IO.CDK_TOOLKIT_E5001.msg('This app contains no stacks'));
-      return;
+      return ret;
     }
 
     const deployments = await this.deploymentsForAction('deploy');
@@ -564,6 +569,17 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder {
           await ioHelper.notify(IO.CDK_TOOLKIT_I5901.msg(buffer.join('\n')));
         }
         await ioHelper.notify(IO.CDK_TOOLKIT_I5901.msg(`Stack ARN:\n${deployResult.stackArn}`));
+
+        ret.stacks.push({
+          stackName: stack.stackName,
+          environment: {
+            account: stack.environment.account,
+            region: stack.environment.region,
+          },
+          stackArn: deployResult.stackArn,
+          outputs: deployResult.outputs,
+          hierarchicalId: stack.hierarchicalId,
+        });
       } catch (e: any) {
         // It has to be exactly this string because an integration test tests for
         // "bold(stackname) failed: ResourceNotReady: <error>"
@@ -624,6 +640,8 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder {
       buildAsset,
       publishAsset,
     });
+
+    return ret;
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/types.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..732a1ef7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/lib/toolkit/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+ * Result interface for toolkit.deploy operation
+ */
+export interface DeployResult {
+  /**
+   * Map of deployed stacks by artifact ID.
+   */
+  readonly stacks: DeployedStack[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Information about a deployed stack
+ */
+export interface DeployedStack {
+  /**
+   * The name of the deployed stack
+   *
+   * A stack name is unique inside its environment, but not unique globally.
+   */
+  readonly stackName: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The environment where the stack was deployed
+   *
+   * This environment is always concrete, because even though the CDK app's
+   * stack may be region-agnostic, in order to be deployed it will have to have
+   * been specialized.
+   */
+  readonly environment: Environment;
+
+  /**
+   * Hierarchical identifier
+   *
+   * This uniquely identifies the stack inside the CDK app.
+   *
+   * In practice this will be the stack's construct path, but unfortunately the
+   * Cloud Assembly contract doesn't require or guarantee that.
+   */
+  readonly hierarchicalId: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The ARN of the deployed stack
+   */
+  readonly stackArn: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The outputs of the deployed CloudFormation stack
+   */
+  readonly outputs: { [key: string]: string };
+}
+
+/**
+ * An environment, which is an (account, region) pair
+ */
+export interface Environment {
+  /**
+   * The account number
+   */
+  readonly account: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The region number
+   */
+  readonly region: string;
+}
+/**
+ * Result interface for toolkit.deploy operation
+ */
+export interface DeployResult {
+  /**
+   * List of stacks deployed by this operation
+   */
+  readonly stacks: DeployedStack[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Information about a deployed stack
+ */
+export interface DeployedStack {
+  /**
+   * The name of the deployed stack
+   *
+   * A stack name is unique inside its environment, but not unique globally.
+   */
+  readonly stackName: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The environment where the stack was deployed
+   *
+   * This environment is always concrete, because even though the CDK app's
+   * stack may be region-agnostic, in order to be deployed it will have to have
+   * been specialized.
+   */
+  readonly environment: Environment;
+
+  /**
+   * Hierarchical identifier
+   *
+   * This uniquely identifies the stack inside the CDK app.
+   *
+   * In practice this will be the stack's construct path, but unfortunately the
+   * Cloud Assembly contract doesn't require or guarantee that.
+   */
+  readonly hierarchicalId: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The ARN of the deployed stack
+   */
+  readonly stackArn: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The outputs of the deployed CloudFormation stack
+   */
+  readonly outputs: { [key: string]: string };
+}
+
+/**
+ * An environment, which is an (account, region) pair
+ */
+export interface Environment {
+  /**
+   * The account number
+   */
+  readonly account: string;
+
+  /**
+   * The region number
+   */
+  readonly region: string;
+}
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/app.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/app.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc7b2e03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/app.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import * as cdk from 'aws-cdk-lib/core';
+
+const app = new cdk.App({ autoSynth: false });
+const stage = new cdk.Stage(app, 'Stage');
+new cdk.Stack(stage, 'Stack1');
+
+app.synth();
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b49bb19e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "app": "$(npx -c 'which tsx') app.ts"
+}
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.assets.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.assets.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4028f38b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.assets.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "version": "40.0.0",
+  "files": {
+    "7f4fb64a3afca08edbdbaa369e00317cb253697278406a83c78e849e89045f9d": {
+      "source": {
+        "path": "StageStack130339B27.template.json",
+        "packaging": "file"
+      },
+      "destinations": {
+        "current_account-current_region": {
+          "bucketName": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}",
+          "objectKey": "7f4fb64a3afca08edbdbaa369e00317cb253697278406a83c78e849e89045f9d.json",
+          "assumeRoleArn": "arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:role/cdk-hnb659fds-file-publishing-role-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "dockerImages": {}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.template.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.template.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7668a10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/StageStack130339B27.template.json
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+{
+ "Resources": {
+  "CDKMetadata": {
+   "Type": "AWS::CDK::Metadata",
+   "Properties": {
+    "Analytics": "v2:deflate64:H4sIAAAAAAAA/zPSM7Qw1TNQTCwv1k1OydbNyUzSCy5JTM7WyctPSdXLKtYvMzLSMzQEKskqzszULSrNK8nMTdULgtAAJ5JKTz8AAAA="
+   },
+   "Metadata": {
+    "aws:cdk:path": "Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata/Default"
+   },
+   "Condition": "CDKMetadataAvailable"
+  }
+ },
+ "Conditions": {
+  "CDKMetadataAvailable": {
+   "Fn::Or": [
+    {
+     "Fn::Or": [
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "af-south-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-east-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-northeast-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-northeast-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-northeast-3"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-south-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-south-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-southeast-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-southeast-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-southeast-3"
+       ]
+      }
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "Fn::Or": [
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ap-southeast-4"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ca-central-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "ca-west-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "cn-north-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "cn-northwest-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-central-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-central-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-north-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-south-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-south-2"
+       ]
+      }
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "Fn::Or": [
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-west-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-west-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "eu-west-3"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "il-central-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "me-central-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "me-south-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "sa-east-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "us-east-1"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "us-east-2"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "Fn::Equals": [
+        {
+         "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+        },
+        "us-west-1"
+       ]
+      }
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "Fn::Equals": [
+      {
+       "Ref": "AWS::Region"
+      },
+      "us-west-2"
+     ]
+    }
+   ]
+  }
+ },
+ "Parameters": {
+  "BootstrapVersion": {
+   "Type": "AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<String>",
+   "Default": "/cdk-bootstrap/hnb659fds/version",
+   "Description": "Version of the CDK Bootstrap resources in this environment, automatically retrieved from SSM Parameter Store. [cdk:skip]"
+  }
+ },
+ "Rules": {
+  "CheckBootstrapVersion": {
+   "Assertions": [
+    {
+     "Assert": {
+      "Fn::Not": [
+       {
+        "Fn::Contains": [
+         [
+          "1",
+          "2",
+          "3",
+          "4",
+          "5"
+         ],
+         {
+          "Ref": "BootstrapVersion"
+         }
+        ]
+       }
+      ]
+     },
+     "AssertDescription": "CDK bootstrap stack version 6 required. Please run 'cdk bootstrap' with a recent version of the CDK CLI."
+    }
+   ]
+  }
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/cdk.out b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/cdk.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e02a2deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/cdk.out
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":"40.0.0"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/manifest.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52119eb46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/assembly-Stage/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+{
+  "version": "40.0.0",
+  "artifacts": {
+    "StageStack130339B27.assets": {
+      "type": "cdk:asset-manifest",
+      "properties": {
+        "file": "StageStack130339B27.assets.json",
+        "requiresBootstrapStackVersion": 6,
+        "bootstrapStackVersionSsmParameter": "/cdk-bootstrap/hnb659fds/version"
+      }
+    },
+    "StageStack130339B27": {
+      "type": "aws:cloudformation:stack",
+      "environment": "aws://unknown-account/unknown-region",
+      "properties": {
+        "templateFile": "StageStack130339B27.template.json",
+        "terminationProtection": false,
+        "validateOnSynth": false,
+        "assumeRoleArn": "arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:role/cdk-hnb659fds-deploy-role-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}",
+        "cloudFormationExecutionRoleArn": "arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:role/cdk-hnb659fds-cfn-exec-role-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}",
+        "stackTemplateAssetObjectUrl": "s3://cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}/7f4fb64a3afca08edbdbaa369e00317cb253697278406a83c78e849e89045f9d.json",
+        "requiresBootstrapStackVersion": 6,
+        "bootstrapStackVersionSsmParameter": "/cdk-bootstrap/hnb659fds/version",
+        "additionalDependencies": [
+          "StageStack130339B27.assets"
+        ],
+        "lookupRole": {
+          "arn": "arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:role/cdk-hnb659fds-lookup-role-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}",
+          "requiresBootstrapStackVersion": 8,
+          "bootstrapStackVersionSsmParameter": "/cdk-bootstrap/hnb659fds/version"
+        },
+        "stackName": "Stage-Stack1"
+      },
+      "dependencies": [
+        "StageStack130339B27.assets"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "/Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata/Default": [
+          {
+            "type": "aws:cdk:logicalId",
+            "data": "CDKMetadata"
+          }
+        ],
+        "/Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata/Condition": [
+          {
+            "type": "aws:cdk:logicalId",
+            "data": "CDKMetadataAvailable"
+          }
+        ],
+        "/Stage/Stack1/BootstrapVersion": [
+          {
+            "type": "aws:cdk:logicalId",
+            "data": "BootstrapVersion"
+          }
+        ],
+        "/Stage/Stack1/CheckBootstrapVersion": [
+          {
+            "type": "aws:cdk:logicalId",
+            "data": "CheckBootstrapVersion"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "displayName": "Stage/Stack1"
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/cdk.out b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/cdk.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e02a2deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/cdk.out
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":"40.0.0"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/manifest.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53a5301de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "version": "40.0.0",
+  "artifacts": {
+    "assembly-Stage": {
+      "type": "cdk:cloud-assembly",
+      "properties": {
+        "directoryName": "assembly-Stage",
+        "displayName": "Stage"
+      }
+    },
+    "Tree": {
+      "type": "cdk:tree",
+      "properties": {
+        "file": "tree.json"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/tree.json b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/tree.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00871b5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/_fixtures/nested-assembly/cdk.out/tree.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":"tree-0.1","tree":{"id":"App","path":"","children":{"Stage":{"id":"Stage","path":"Stage","children":{"Stack1":{"id":"Stack1","path":"Stage/Stack1","children":{"CDKMetadata":{"id":"CDKMetadata","path":"Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata","children":{"Default":{"id":"Default","path":"Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata/Default","constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.CfnResource","version":"2.185.0"}},"Condition":{"id":"Condition","path":"Stage/Stack1/CDKMetadata/Condition","constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.CfnCondition","version":"2.185.0"}}},"constructInfo":{"fqn":"constructs.Construct","version":"10.4.2"}},"BootstrapVersion":{"id":"BootstrapVersion","path":"Stage/Stack1/BootstrapVersion","constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.CfnParameter","version":"2.185.0"}},"CheckBootstrapVersion":{"id":"CheckBootstrapVersion","path":"Stage/Stack1/CheckBootstrapVersion","constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.CfnRule","version":"2.185.0"}}},"constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.Stack","version":"2.185.0"}}},"constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.Stage","version":"2.185.0"}},"Tree":{"id":"Tree","path":"Tree","constructInfo":{"fqn":"constructs.Construct","version":"10.4.2"}}},"constructInfo":{"fqn":"aws-cdk-lib.App","version":"2.185.0"}}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/actions/deploy.test.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/actions/deploy.test.ts
index 26f52a375..496da63a6 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/actions/deploy.test.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit-lib/test/actions/deploy.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import * as awsCdkApi from '../../lib/api/aws-cdk';
 import type { DeployStackOptions, DeployStackResult } from '../../lib/api/aws-cdk';
 import { RequireApproval } from '../../lib/api/shared-private';
 import { Toolkit } from '../../lib/toolkit';
-import { builderFixture, TestIoHost } from '../_helpers';
+import { builderFixture, cdkOutFixture, TestIoHost } from '../_helpers';
 import { MockSdk } from '../util/aws-cdk';
 
 let ioHost: TestIoHost;
@@ -280,6 +280,86 @@ describe('deploy', () => {
       successfulDeployment();
     });
   });
+
+  test('deploy returns stack information', async () => {
+    // GIVEN
+    mockDeployStack.mockResolvedValue({
+      type: 'did-deploy-stack',
+      stackArn: 'arn:aws:cloudformation:region:account:stack/test-stack',
+      outputs: {
+        OutputKey1: 'OutputValue1',
+        OutputKey2: 'OutputValue2',
+      },
+      noOp: false,
+    });
+
+    // WHEN
+    const cx = await builderFixture(toolkit, 'two-empty-stacks');
+    const result = await toolkit.deploy(cx);
+
+    // THEN
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      stacks: [
+        {
+          stackName: 'Stack1',
+          hierarchicalId: 'Stack1',
+          environment: {
+            // This wouldn't normally work like this, but this is the information in the manifest so that's what we assert
+            account: 'unknown-account',
+            region: 'unknown-region',
+          },
+          // This just comes from the mocked function above
+          stackArn: 'arn:aws:cloudformation:region:account:stack/test-stack',
+          outputs: {
+            OutputKey1: 'OutputValue1',
+            OutputKey2: 'OutputValue2',
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          stackName: 'Stack2',
+          hierarchicalId: 'Stack2',
+          environment: {
+            // This wouldn't normally work like this, but this is the information in the manifest so that's what we assert
+            account: 'unknown-account',
+            region: 'unknown-region',
+          },
+          // This just comes from the mocked function above
+          stackArn: 'arn:aws:cloudformation:region:account:stack/test-stack',
+          outputs: {
+            OutputKey1: 'OutputValue1',
+            OutputKey2: 'OutputValue2',
+            // omg
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('deploy contains nested assembly hierarchical id', async () => {
+    // GIVEN
+    mockDeployStack.mockResolvedValue({
+      type: 'did-deploy-stack',
+      stackArn: 'arn:aws:cloudformation:region:account:stack/test-stack',
+      outputs: {
+        OutputKey1: 'OutputValue1',
+        OutputKey2: 'OutputValue2',
+      },
+      noOp: false,
+    });
+
+    // WHEN
+    const cx = await cdkOutFixture(toolkit, 'nested-assembly');
+    const result = await toolkit.deploy(cx);
+
+    // THEN
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      stacks: [
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          hierarchicalId: 'Stage/Stack1',
+        }),
+      ],
+    });
+  });
 });
 
 function successfulDeployment() {