Enable /std:c++17 by default for the Windows cc toolchain

Copybara Import from #440

BEGIN_PUBLIC
Enable `/std:c++17` by default for the Windows cc toolchain (#440)

Context: bazelbuild/bazel#26523 (comment)

Closes #440
END_PUBLIC

COPYBARA_INTEGRATE_REVIEW=#440 from bazelbuild:meteorcloudy-patch-6 22a0f1a
PiperOrigin-RevId: 783048271
Change-Id: I4b7f9092a41d3af956d78ed4f4324104c30c0b2d

Author: meteorcloudy

cc/private/toolchain/windows_cc_toolchain_config.bzl

@@ -751,6 +751,7 @@ def _impl(ctx):
                     flag_groups = [
                         flag_group(
                             flags = [
+                                "/std:c++17",
                                 "/DNOMINMAX",
                                 "/D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601",
                                 "/D_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE",