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+# Manual: MariaDB Galera Split-Brain Detection and Resolution
+
+This guide provides step-by-step manual procedures for detecting and resolving MariaDB Galera cluster split-brain scenarios in OpenShift environments. These procedures mirror the automated processes implemented in the monitoring scripts.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+### 1. OpenShift Access
+
+1. Log into the OpenShift Console at: https://console.apps.silver.devops.gov.bc.ca
+2. Click your username in the top right corner
+3. Select **"Copy login command"**
+4. Click **"Display Token"**
+5. Copy the `oc login` command (it will look like):
+
+   ```bash
+   oc login --token=sha256~<SECRET_KEY> --server=https://api.silver.devops.gov.bc.ca:6443
+   ```
+
+### 2. Terminal Setup
+
+1. Open Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell
+2. Paste and execute the login command
+3. Set your project namespace:
+
+   ```bash
+   oc project 950003-prod
+   ```
+
+## Quick Health Check
+
+### Check All Running Pods
+
+```bash
+# Get all running pods in the namespace (test access)
+oc get pods --field-selector=status.phase=Running
+
+# Check MariaDB Galera pods specifically
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --field-selector=status.phase=Running
+
+# Check other critical services
+oc get pods -l "deployment=php" --field-selector=status.phase=Running
+oc get pods -l "app=redis-proxy" --field-selector=status.phase=Running
+```
+
+## Detailed Galera Cluster Health Assessment
+
+### 1. Identify Galera Pods
+
+```bash
+# Get Galera pod names
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}'
+
+# Get detailed pod information
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" -o wide
+```
+
+### 2. Check Galera Cluster Status
+
+For each Galera pod, check the cluster status. Replace `<POD_NAME>` with actual pod names from step 1:
+
+```bash
+# Get environment variables (needed for MySQL access)
+# For PowerShell users:
+$env:MARIADB_USER = oc get secret mariadb-galera -o jsonpath='{.data.mariadb-username}' | %{[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($_))}
+$env:MARIADB_PASSWORD = oc get secret mariadb-galera -o jsonpath='{.data.mariadb-password}' | %{[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($_))}
+
+# For Command Prompt users (simpler approach):
+# You'll need to decode the base64 values manually or use the actual username/password directly
+
+# Check if MySQL is responsive on each pod
+oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- mysqladmin -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" ping
+
+# Get detailed Galera status for each pod
+oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size', 'wsrep_cluster_state_uuid');"
+```
+
+### 3. Example Health Check for Multiple Pods
+
+Run these commands for each pod (replace `mariadb-galera-0`, `mariadb-galera-1`, etc. with your actual pod names):
+
+```bash
+# Pod 0
+echo "=== Checking mariadb-galera-0 ==="
+oc exec -it mariadb-galera-0 -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size', 'wsrep_cluster_state_uuid');"
+
+# Pod 1
+echo "=== Checking mariadb-galera-1 ==="
+oc exec -it mariadb-galera-1 -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size', 'wsrep_cluster_state_uuid');"
+
+# Pod 2
+echo "=== Checking mariadb-galera-2 ==="
+oc exec -it mariadb-galera-2 -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size', 'wsrep_cluster_state_uuid');"
+
+# Continue for all pods...
+```
+
+## Split-Brain Detection
+
+### Healthy Cluster Indicators
+
+A healthy cluster should show:
+
+- **wsrep_cluster_status**: `Primary`
+- **wsrep_local_state_comment**: `Synced`
+- **wsrep_cluster_size**: Same number across all pods (e.g., `5`)
+- **wsrep_cluster_state_uuid**: Same UUID across all pods
+
+### Split-Brain Indicators
+
+🚨 **Split-brain detected if you see:**
+
+- Different `wsrep_cluster_state_uuid` values across pods
+- Different `wsrep_cluster_size` values across pods
+- Some pods showing `wsrep_cluster_status` as `non-primary`
+- Some pods showing `wsrep_local_state_comment` as `Disconnected`
+
+### Example Split-Brain Output
+
+```
+Pod 1: wsrep_cluster_state_uuid = 12345-abcd, wsrep_cluster_size = 2
+Pod 2: wsrep_cluster_state_uuid = 12345-abcd, wsrep_cluster_size = 2
+Pod 3: wsrep_cluster_state_uuid = 67890-efgh, wsrep_cluster_size = 3
+Pod 4: wsrep_cluster_state_uuid = 67890-efgh, wsrep_cluster_size = 3
+Pod 5: wsrep_cluster_state_uuid = 67890-efgh, wsrep_cluster_size = 3
+```
+This shows two separate clusters with different UUIDs☝️
+
+## Manual Split-Brain Resolution
+
+### ⚠️ Important Warnings
+
+- **ALWAYS take a database backup before attempting resolution**
+- **Coordinate with your team** - ensure no other maintenance is happening
+- **Document the issue** - note which pods were affected and the symptoms
+- **Monitor closely** - watch the process and be ready to rollback
+
+### Step 1: Create a Database Backup
+
+```bash
+# Find a healthy pod for backup (one that shows 'Primary' and 'Synced')
+oc exec -it mariadb-galera-0 -- mysqldump -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" --all-databases --single-transaction > galera-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M).sql
+
+# Verify backup was created
+ls -la galera-backup-*.sql
+```
+
+### Step 2: Identify the StatefulSet
+
+```bash
+# Get StatefulSet information
+oc get statefulset -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera"
+
+# Get current replica count
+oc get statefulset mariadb-galera -o jsonpath='{.spec.replicas}'
+```
+
+### Step 3: Scale Down to 1 Replica (Establish Primary)
+
+```bash
+# Get original replica count first
+ORIGINAL_REPLICAS=$(oc get statefulset mariadb-galera -o jsonpath='{.spec.replicas}')
+echo "Original replica count: $ORIGINAL_REPLICAS"
+
+# Scale down to 1 replica
+oc scale statefulset mariadb-galera --replicas=1
+
+# Wait for scaling to complete (this may take a few minutes)
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" -w
+```
+
+### Step 4: Verify Single Node is Healthy
+
+```bash
+# Wait for the remaining pod to be ready
+oc wait --for=condition=ready pod -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --timeout=300s
+
+# Check the remaining pod's status
+REMAINING_POD=$(oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
+echo "Remaining pod: $REMAINING_POD"
+
+# Verify it's healthy and in Primary state
+oc exec -it $REMAINING_POD -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size');"
+```
+
+Expected output should show:
+
+- wsrep_cluster_status: `Primary`
+- wsrep_local_state_comment: `Synced`
+- wsrep_cluster_size: `1`
+
+### Step 5: Scale Back Up to Original Replica Count
+
+```bash
+# Scale back up to original size
+oc scale statefulset mariadb-galera --replicas=$ORIGINAL_REPLICAS
+
+# Monitor the scaling process
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" -w
+```
+
+### Step 6: Verify Cluster Recovery
+
+Wait for all pods to be Running, then check cluster health:
+
+```bash
+# Wait for all pods to be ready
+oc wait --for=condition=ready pod -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --timeout=600s
+
+# Get all pod names
+GALERA_PODS=$(oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}')
+
+# Check each pod's status
+for pod in $GALERA_PODS; do
+  echo "=== Checking $pod ==="
+  oc exec -it $pod -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size', 'wsrep_cluster_state_uuid');"
+  echo ""
+done
+```
+
+### Step 7: Validate Full Recovery
+
+All pods should now show:
+
+- **wsrep_cluster_status**: `Primary`
+- **wsrep_local_state_comment**: `Synced`
+- **wsrep_cluster_size**: Same value (your original replica count)
+- **wsrep_cluster_state_uuid**: Same UUID across all pods
+
+## Pod Log Analysis
+
+### Check for Error Patterns
+
+```bash
+# Check recent logs for MariaDB errors
+oc logs mariadb-galera-0 --tail=50
+oc logs mariadb-galera-1 --tail=50
+# oc logs mariadb-galera-2, 3, 4, 5, etc...
+
+# Check for PHP application errors
+# First get the pod names
+oc get pods -l "deployment=php" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}"
+
+# Then check logs for each pod individually (replace <PHP_POD_NAME> with actual names from above)
+oc logs <PHP_POD_NAME> --tail=50
+
+# Check Redis Proxy errors
+# First get the pod names
+oc get pods -l "app=redis-proxy" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}"
+
+# Then check logs for each pod individually (replace <REDIS_POD_NAME> with actual names from above)
+oc logs <REDIS_POD_NAME> --tail=50 | findstr /i "err:"
+```
+
+### Restart Problematic Pods
+
+If you find pods with errors:
+
+```bash
+# Restart a specific pod by deleting it (it will be recreated)
+oc delete pod <POD_NAME>
+
+# Example: Restart a PHP pod with errors
+oc delete pod php-deployment-12345-abcde
+
+# Monitor the restart
+oc get pods -w
+```
+
+### Log Analysis
+
+For more complex log analysis on Windows, you can use PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+# PowerShell method to check multiple PHP pods for errors
+$phpPods = (oc get pods -l "deployment=php" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}") -split " "
+foreach ($pod in $phpPods) {
+    Write-Host "=== Checking $pod ==="
+    oc logs $pod --tail=50 | Select-String -Pattern "error|critical" -CaseSensitive:$false
+}
+
+# PowerShell method to check Redis Proxy pods
+$redisPods = (oc get pods -l "app=redis-proxy" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}") -split " "
+foreach ($pod in $redisPods) {
+    Write-Host "=== Checking Redis pod $pod ==="
+    oc logs $pod --tail=50 | Select-String -Pattern "err:" -CaseSensitive:$false
+}
+```
+
+### Command Prompt Alternative
+
+If using Command Prompt (not PowerShell), use this step-by-step approach:
+
+```cmd
+REM Get PHP pod names first
+oc get pods -l "deployment=php" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}"
+
+REM Copy each pod name and check logs manually
+oc logs <PHP_POD_NAME_1> --tail=50 | findstr /i "error critical"
+oc logs <PHP_POD_NAME_2> --tail=50 | findstr /i "error critical"
+
+REM Same for Redis pods
+oc get pods -l "app=redis-proxy" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.name}"
+oc logs <REDIS_POD_NAME_1> --tail=50 | findstr /i "err:"
+oc logs <REDIS_POD_NAME_2> --tail=50 | findstr /i "err:"
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting Common Issues
+
+### Issue: Pods Stuck in Pending or Init State
+
+```bash
+# Check pod events for scheduling issues
+oc describe pod <POD_NAME>
+
+# Check resource availability
+oc describe nodes
+
+# Check PVC status
+oc get pvc
+```
+
+### Issue: Pods Keep Restarting
+
+```bash
+# Check restart count
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera"
+
+# Get detailed restart reason
+oc describe pod <POD_NAME>
+
+# Check resource limits
+oc get statefulset mariadb-galera -o yaml | grep -A 10 resources
+```
+
+### Issue: MySQL Connection Refused
+
+```bash
+# Check if MySQL process is running in pod
+oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- ps aux | grep mysql
+
+# Check MySQL error logs
+oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- tail -50 /var/log/mysql/error.log
+
+# Check network connectivity between pods
+oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- ping <OTHER_POD_IP>
+```
+
+## Emergency Procedures
+
+### Complete Cluster Failure Recovery
+
+If all pods are failing and split-brain resolution doesn't work:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Scale down to 0 (DANGEROUS - only if cluster is completely broken)
+oc scale statefulset mariadb-galera --replicas=0
+
+# 2. Wait for all pods to terminate
+oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" -w
+
+# 3. Backup any recoverable data from PVCs if possible
+oc get pvc
+
+# 4. Scale back up with fresh cluster
+oc scale statefulset mariadb-galera --replicas=1
+
+# 5. Wait for first pod to initialize
+oc wait --for=condition=ready pod -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --timeout=600s
+
+# 6. Restore from backup
+# oc exec -it <POD_NAME> -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" < galera-backup-YYYYMMDD-HHMM.sql
+
+# 7. Scale up to full size
+oc scale statefulset mariadb-galera --replicas=$ORIGINAL_REPLICAS
+```
+
+## Prevention and Best Practices
+
+### Regular Health Checks
+
+Run these commands regularly to catch issues early:
+
+```bash
+# Weekly health check script
+echo "=== Galera Cluster Health Check - $(date) ==="
+GALERA_PODS=$(oc get pods -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=mariadb-galera" --field-selector=status.phase=Running -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}')
+for pod in $GALERA_PODS; do
+  echo "Checking $pod:"
+  oc exec -it $pod -- mysql -u "$MARIADB_USER" -p"$MARIADB_PASSWORD" -e "SHOW STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN ('wsrep_cluster_status', 'wsrep_local_state_comment', 'wsrep_cluster_size');" 2>/dev/null || echo "  ERROR: Cannot connect to MySQL on $pod"
+  echo ""
+done
+```
+
+> **Note**: This manual process mirrors the automated monitoring and healing to be implemented in the pod health monitoring system. The automated system performs these same checks every 60 seconds and auto-heals when safe to do so. Manual intervention should only be necessary when the automated system cannot resolve the issue.