[SOLVED]Error compiling openFrameworks embedded project #297

alexdrymonitis · 2025-04-09T06:33:33Z

alexdrymonitis
Apr 9, 2025

I'm trying to embed Pyo into OF by following the instrucitons in the README file, but it fails. I changed some bits about the Python version, namely the following

PROJECT_LDFLAGS = `python-config --ldflags` # linker flags for Python
PROJECT_CFLAGS = `python-config --cflags` # compiler flags for Python

where I replaced python with python3, and edited the make command from make && cp -r scripts bin/*.app/Contents/Resources to make %% cp -r scripts bin/data, but I'm getting the following errors:

/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:60: error: undefined reference to 'Py_IsInitialized'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:78: error: undefined reference to 'PyGILState_Ensure'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:80: error: undefined reference to 'Py_NewInterpreter'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:83: error: undefined reference to 'PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:86: error: undefined reference to 'PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:89: error: undefined reference to 'PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:91: error: undefined reference to 'PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:111: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_ReleaseThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:129: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_AcquireThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:130: error: undefined reference to 'PyImport_AddModule'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:131: error: undefined reference to 'PyObject_GetAttrString'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:132: error: undefined reference to 'PyUnicode_AsUTF8'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:134: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_ReleaseThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:173: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_AcquireThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:174: error: undefined reference to 'PyImport_AddModule'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:175: error: undefined reference to 'PyObject_GetAttrString'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:176: error: undefined reference to 'PyUnicode_AsUTF8'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:178: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_ReleaseThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:223: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_AcquireThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:224: error: undefined reference to 'PyImport_AddModule'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:225: error: undefined reference to 'PyObject_GetAttrString'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:226: error: undefined reference to 'PyUnicode_AsUTF8'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:228: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_ReleaseThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:272: error: undefined reference to 'PyEval_AcquireThread'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:273: error: undefined reference to 'PyImport_AddModule'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:274: error: undefined reference to 'PyObject_GetAttrString'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:275: error: undefined reference to 'PyLong_AsLong'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:61: error: undefined reference to 'Py_InitializeEx'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:292: error: undefined reference to 'PyGILState_Ensure'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:295: error: undefined reference to 'PyThreadState_Swap'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:296: error: undefined reference to 'Py_EndInterpreter'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:297: error: undefined reference to 'PyThreadState_Swap'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:299: error: undefined reference to 'PyGILState_Release'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:426: error: undefined reference to 'PyLong_AsLong'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:427: error: undefined reference to 'PyLong_AsLong'
/home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/m_pyo.h:439: error: undefined reference to 'PyLong_AsLong'

I know that embedding Pyo is a rather old project, but I think it's still doable and worth the trouble to make it. Any ideas?

alexdrymonitis · 2025-04-09T06:44:26Z

alexdrymonitis
Apr 9, 2025
Author

I solved this by adding --embed to the linker flags in config.make. This should be

PROJECT_LDFLAGS = `python3-config --ldflags --embed` # linker flags for Python

Now the project builds, but as soon as I run it, I get the following, and it segfaults:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyo/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
    from .lib._maps import *
  File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyo/lib/_maps.py", line 21, in <module>
    from math import pow, log10
ImportError: /usr/local/lib/python3.13/lib-dynload/math.cpython-313-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: PyFloat_Type
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'Server' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name '_s_' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name '_s_' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name '_s_' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name '_s_' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name '_s_' is not defined

This is on Debian 12 with Python3.13.2 and Pyo 1.0.6

1 reply

alexdrymonitis Apr 11, 2025
Author

I think the error is linked to line 71 in m_pyo.h, which reads:
libpython_handle = dlopen("libpython3.9.so", RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL);
I have now installed Python3.13 as the default Python, but there's no libpython13.so whatsoever in my system, only libpython3.11.so. When I compile the openFrameworks project though, it is compiled against Python3.13, from what I understand. Any ideas on how to solve this?

alexdrymonitis · 2025-04-11T19:38:54Z

alexdrymonitis
Apr 11, 2025
Author

I managed to both compile and run the app by changing the config.make to point to Python3.11, and by changing line 71 in m_pyo.h to also point to that Python version. Now the app compiles and runs, but the sound is distorted. I'm using Jack (I can see the app in Jack's graph), as I always do with Pyo, but it just doesn't sound right. I'll dig more into it.

0 replies

alexdrymonitis · 2025-09-15T05:57:32Z

alexdrymonitis
Sep 15, 2025
Author

I solved it! Eventually it was jack that was causing the issue. I removed the jack bits and the project built and run find!
So, the details:
In config.make include the following lines:

PROJECT_LDFLAGS = `python3-config --ldflags --embed` # linker flags for Python
PROJECT_CFLAGS = `python3-config --cflags` # compiler flags for Python

As with the Pd [pyo~] object, with its solution posted here #299 (comment), the m_pyo.h file has to change its lines 71-74, to point to the current Python you use. Change to the following:

#ifdef __linux__
        libpython_handle = dlopen("libpython3.13.so", RTLD_GLOBAL | RTLD_NOW);
#elif __APPLE__
        libpython_handle = dlopen("libpython3.13.dylib", RTLD_GLOBAL | RTLD_NOW);
#endif

And here's the ofApp.h file:

#pragma once

#include "ofMain.h"
#include "PyoClass.h"

class ofApp : public ofBaseApp{

	public:
		void setup();
		void update();
		void draw();

		void keyPressed(int key);
		void keyReleased(int key);
		void mouseMoved(int x, int y );
		void mouseDragged(int x, int y, int button);
		void mousePressed(int x, int y, int button);
		void mouseReleased(int x, int y, int button);
		void mouseEntered(int x, int y);
		void mouseExited(int x, int y);
		void windowResized(int w, int h);
		void dragEvent(ofDragInfo dragInfo);
		void gotMessage(ofMessage msg);

		void audioIn(ofSoundBuffer & input);
		void audioOut(ofSoundBuffer & buffer);

		ofSoundStream soundStream;

		Pyo pyo;
		
};

And here's the ofApp.cpp file (excluding any functions I'm not using in this test project):

#include "ofApp.h"

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void ofApp::setup(){
        // define audio properties
        int sampleRate = 48000;
        int bufferSize = 256;
        int nChannels = 2;
        // initialize a pyo server
        pyo.setup(nChannels, bufferSize, sampleRate);
        // load a python file
        pyo.loadfile("../scripts/stereoDelay.py", 0);
        // initialize OpenFrameworks audio streaming channels 
	//soundStream.printDeviceList();     // Uncomment if you need to
        // soundStream.setDeviceID(1);   // change the audio device.
	ofSoundStreamSettings settings;
	settings.numOutputChannels = nChannels;
	settings.sampleRate = sampleRate;
	settings.bufferSize = bufferSize;
	settings.numBuffers = 4;
	settings.setOutListener(this);
	soundStream.setup(settings);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void ofApp::update(){

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void ofApp::draw(){

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void ofApp::audioIn(ofSoundBuffer & buffer){
        // send audio samples to pyo
        pyo.fillin(&buffer[0]);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------
void ofApp::audioOut(ofSoundBuffer & buffer){
        // process and get new audio samples from pyo
        pyo.process(&buffer[0]);
}

When I close the OF window, the program crashes. In debug mode, this is the output of GDB:

#0  0x00007fffcf0b0a56 in Server_process_buffers () at /home/alex/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyo/_pyo.cpython-313-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#1  0x00007fffcf0b0ec9 in Server_embedded_i_start () at /home/alex/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyo/_pyo.cpython-313-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#2  0x00007fffcf0b0ef7 in Server_embedded_i_startIdx () at /home/alex/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pyo/_pyo.cpython-313-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
#3  0x00005555555a8412 in Pyo::process(float*) (this=0x7ffff1738050, buffer=0x7fffbc000ba0) at /home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/apps/myApps/pyo_test/src/PyoClass.cpp:54
#4  0x0000555555785ec5 in std::function<void (ofSoundBuffer&)>::operator()(ofSoundBuffer&) const (this=0x555555db4230, __args#0=...) at /usr/include/c++/12/bits/std_function.h:591
#5  0x0000555555785581 in ofRtAudioSoundStream::rtAudioCallback(void*, void*, unsigned int, double, unsigned int, void*)
    (outputBuffer=0x555555f1e000, inputBuffer=0x0, nFramesPerBuffer=256, streamTime=15.850666666665985, status=0, data=0x555555db4150)
    at /home/alex/Applications/openFrameworks/of_v0.12.0_linux64gcc6_release/libs/openFrameworks/sound/ofRtAudioSoundStream.cpp:308
#6  0x00007ffff7e1a9dd in RtApiPulse::callbackEvent() () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtaudio.so.6
#7  0x00007ffff7e1b025 in  () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtaudio.so.6
#8  0x00007ffff689cb7b in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at ./nptl/pthread_create.c:448
#9  0x00007ffff691a7b8 in __GI___clone3 () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:78

This happens because OF calls Pyo::process() to process samples. I don't know how to solve this (yet), but since the program runs, I consider it to be not so important.

My OS is Debian 12 and OF-0.12.0 with Python3.13 and Pyo-1.0.6.

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[SOLVED]Error compiling openFrameworks embedded project #297

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[SOLVED]Error compiling openFrameworks embedded project #297

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alexdrymonitis Apr 9, 2025

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