Lecture 5 finished

Author: beyondsimulations

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+    "markdown": "---\ntitle: \"Lecture VI - Using Modules and Random Numbers\"\nsubtitle: \"Programming with Python\"\nauthor: \"Dr. Tobias Vlćek\"\ninstitute: \"Kühne Logistics University Hamburg - Fall 2024\"\ntitle-slide-attributes:\n    data-background-color: \"#FFE0D3\"\n\nexecute:\n    echo: true\n\nformat:\n    revealjs:\n        theme: [default, ../styles.scss]\n        transition: slide\n        transition-speed: fast\n        highlight-style: breezedark\n        width: 1260\n        height: 840\n        slide-number: true\n        code-copy: true\n        code-link: true\n        preview-links: auto\n        footer: \" {{< meta title >}} | {{< meta subtitle >}} | {{< meta author >}} | [Home](lecture-modules.qmd)\"\n        output-file: lecture-modules-presentation.html\n    html:\n        theme: litera\n        highlight-style: breezedark\n        linkcolor: \"#a60000\"\n        slide-number: true\n        code-copy: true\n        code-link: true\n        toc: true\n        toc-location: right\n    pdf: \n        documentclass: report\n---\n\n\n# [Quick Recap of the last Lecture]{.flow} {.title}\n\n\n## Exceptions and Error Handling\n\n- Exceptions are [discovered errors]{.highlight} during program execution\n- Common built-in exceptions: `ValueError`, `TypeError`, etc.\n\n. . .\n\n::: {#aa43bab4 .cell execution_count=2}\n``` {.python .cell-code}\nx = int(\"Hello, World!\")\n```\n:::\n\n\n. . .\n\n[>ValueError]{.errors}: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Hello, World!'\n\n## Try-Except Blocks\n\n- `try-except` blocks are used to handle exceptions\n- `try` block contains code that might raise an exception\n- `except` block contains code executed if an exception occurs\n\n. . .\n\n```python\ntry:\n    # Code that might raise an exception\n    # ...\nexcept ExceptionType as e:\n    # Code to handle the exception\n    # ...\nexcept:\n    # Code to handle any other exceptions\n    # ...\n```\n\n## Raising Exceptions\n\n- We can raise exceptions using the `raise` statement\n- Allows for more controlled error handling\n- Can include custom error messages\n\n. . .\n\n::: {#d1f70a76 .cell execution_count=3}\n``` {.python .cell-code}\nraise ValueError(\"This is a custom error message\")\n```\n:::\n\n\n. . .\n\n::: {.callout-note}\nThe type if raised exception **has to exist** or you have to create a custom error type before.\n:::\n\n## Assertions\n\n- Assertions check if a condition is true\n- If the condition is false, an `AssertionError` is raised\n- Useful for checking calculations or variable types\n\n. . .\n\n::: {#928e4580 .cell execution_count=4}\n``` {.python .cell-code}\nx = -1\nassert x > 0, \"x must be positive\"\n```\n:::\n\n\n. . .\n\n[Question:]{.question} Will this raise an AssertionError?\n\n## Debugging\n\n- Debugging is the process of [finding and fixing errors]{.highlight} in code\n- Using `print` and `assert` statements\n- Using logging\n- Using built-in debugging tools in IDEs\n\n\n. . .\n\n::: {.callout-tip}\nThat's why IDEs are so helpful in coding.\n:::\n\n# [Modules]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Virtual Environments]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Environment Variables]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Importing Modules]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Using Modules]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Standard Libraries]{.flow} {.title}  \n\n# [Random Numbers]{.flow} {.title}\n\n# [Math Module]{.flow} {.title}\n\n## Working with CSV Files\n\n- CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files are a common format for storing tabular data\n- Use the `csv` module to read and write CSV files\n- Basic operations:\n  - Read: `csv.reader(file)`\n  - Write: `csv.writer(file)`\n- Example:\n\n- CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files are a common format for storing tabular data\n\n## Working with Excel Files\n\n- Excel files are a common format for storing tabular data\n- Use the `pandas` library to read and write Excel files\n- Basic operations:\n  - Read: `pandas.read_excel(file_name)`\n  - Write: `pandas.write_excel(file_name, data)`\n\n\n# [Regular Expressions]{.flow} {.title}\n\n## What are Regular Expressions?\n\n- Regular expressions are a way to search for patterns in text\n- They are a powerful tool for string manipulation\n- We can use the `re` module to work with regular expressions\n\n## Using Regular Expressions\n\n",
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