[TASKKILL] Simplify children processes termination code (reactos#7855)

Use process-tree Level-Order-Traversal to determine the children
processes to be terminated.

This avoids using recursion to establish the process tree, and also
allows termination in a fashion similar to Windows' taskkill.
The main difference with the latter is that we terminate parent
processes first before terminating their children, instead of doing
the reverse. (This allows avoiding the case where parent processes
respawn their children when they have been terminated.)

Author: HBelusca

base/applications/cmdutils/taskkill/taskkill.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright 2008 Andrew Riedi
  * Copyright 2010 Andrew Nguyen
  * Copyright 2020 He Yang
+ * Copyright 2025 Hermès Bélusca-Maïto
  *
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
@@ -301,9 +302,9 @@ static void taskkill_message_print_process(int msg, unsigned int index)
  * obtained from the system, is such that any child process P[j] of a given
  * parent process P[i] is enumerated *AFTER* its parent (i.e. i < j).
  *
- * Because of these facts, the ReactOS recursive method is employed instead.
- * Note however that the Wine method (below) has been adapted for ease of
- * usage and comparison with that of ReactOS.
+ * Because of these facts, the ReactOS method is employed instead.
+ * Note however that the Wine method (below) has been adapted for
+ * ease of usage and comparison with that of ReactOS.
  */
 
 static BOOL find_parent(unsigned int process_index, unsigned int *parent_index)
@@ -376,65 +377,99 @@ static void mark_child_processes(void)
 static BOOL get_pid_creation_time(DWORD pid, FILETIME *time)
 {
     HANDLE process;
-    FILETIME t1 = { 0 }, t2 = { 0 }, t3 = { 0 };
+    FILETIME t1, t2, t3;
+    BOOL success;
 
     process = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
     if (!process)
-    {
-        return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    if (!GetProcessTimes(process, time, &t1, &t2, &t3))
-    {
-        CloseHandle(process);
         return FALSE;
-    }
 
+    success = GetProcessTimes(process, time, &t1, &t2, &t3);
     CloseHandle(process);
-    return TRUE;
+
+    return success;
 }
 
-static void send_close_messages_tree(DWORD ppid)
+static void queue_children(DWORD ppid)
 {
-    FILETIME parent_creation_time = { 0 };
-    HANDLE h = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
-    PROCESSENTRY32W pe = { 0 };
-    pe.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32W);
+    FILETIME parent_creation_time;
+    unsigned int i;
 
-    if (!get_pid_creation_time(ppid, &parent_creation_time) || !h)
-    {
-        CloseHandle(h);
+    if (!get_pid_creation_time(ppid, &parent_creation_time))
         return;
-    }
 
-    if (Process32FirstW(h, &pe))
+    for (i = 0; i < process_count; ++i)
     {
-        do
-        {
-            FILETIME child_creation_time = { 0 };
-            struct pid_close_info info = { pe.th32ProcessID };
+        FILETIME child_creation_time;
+        DWORD pid;
 
-            if (!get_pid_creation_time(pe.th32ProcessID, &child_creation_time))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
+        // Ignore processes already marked for termination
+        if (process_list[i].matched)
+            continue;
 
-            // Compare creation time to avoid reuse PID, thanks to @ThFabba
-            if (pe.th32ParentProcessID == ppid &&
-                CompareFileTime(&parent_creation_time, &child_creation_time) < 0)
-            {
-                // Use recursion to browse all child processes
-                send_close_messages_tree(pe.th32ProcessID);
-                EnumWindows(pid_enum_proc, (LPARAM)&info);
-                if (info.found)
-                {
-                    taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_CLOSE_CHILD, pe.th32ProcessID, ppid);
-                }
-            }
-        } while (Process32NextW(h, &pe));
+        // Prevent self-termination if we are in the process tree
+        pid = process_list[i].p.th32ProcessID;
+        if (pid == self_pid)
+            continue;
+
+        if (!get_pid_creation_time(pid, &child_creation_time))
+            continue;
+
+        // Compare creation time to avoid PID reuse cases
+        if (process_list[i].p.th32ParentProcessID == ppid &&
+            CompareFileTime(&parent_creation_time, &child_creation_time) < 0)
+        {
+            // Process marked for termination
+            WINE_TRACE("Adding child %04lx.\n", pid);
+            process_list[i].matched = TRUE;
+            pkill_list[pkill_size++] = i;
+        }
     }
+}
 
-    CloseHandle(h);
+/*
+ * Based on the root processes to terminate, we perform a level order traversal
+ * (Breadth First Search) of the corresponding process trees, building the list
+ * of all processes and children to terminate,
+ * This allows terminating the processes, starting from parents down to their
+ * children. Note that this is in the reverse order than what Windows' taskkill
+ * does. The reason why we chose to do the reverse, is because there exist
+ * (parent) processes that detect whether their children are terminated, and
+ * if so, attempt to restart their terminated children. We want to avoid this
+ * scenario in order to ensure no extra processes get started, while the user
+ * wanted to terminate them.
+ */
+static void mark_child_processes(void)
+{
+    /*
+     * The temporary FIFO queue for BFS (starting empty), is embedded
+     * inside the result list. The queue resides between the [front, end)
+     * indices (if front == end, the queue is empty), and moves down
+     * through the result list, generating the sought values in order.
+     */
+    unsigned int front = 0; // end = 0; given by pkill_size
+
+    /* The root processes have already been
+     * enqueued in pkill_list[0..pkill_size] */
+
+    /* Now, find and enqueue the children processes */
+    while (pkill_size - front > 0)
+    {
+        /* Begin search at the next level */
+        unsigned int len = pkill_size - front;
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        {
+            /* Standard BFS would pop the element from the front of
+             * the queue and push it to the end of the result list.
+             * In our case, everything is already correctly positioned
+             * so that we can just simply emulate queue front popping. */
+            DWORD pid = process_list[pkill_list[front++]].p.th32ProcessID;
+
+            /* Enqueue the children processes */
+            queue_children(pid); // Updates pkill_size accordingly.
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #endif // __REACTOS__
@@ -461,17 +496,6 @@ static int send_close_messages(void)
 #endif
 
         info.pid = process_list[i].p.th32ProcessID;
-#ifdef __REACTOS__
-        if (info.pid == self_pid)
-        {
-            taskkill_message(STRING_SELF_TERMINATION);
-            status_code = 1;
-            continue;
-        }
-        // Send close messages to child first
-        if (kill_child_processes)
-            send_close_messages_tree(info.pid);
-#endif
         process_name = process_list[i].p.szExeFile;
         info.found = FALSE;
         WINE_TRACE("Terminating pid %04lx.\n", info.pid);
@@ -493,64 +517,6 @@ static int send_close_messages(void)
     return status_code;
 }
 
-#ifdef __REACTOS__
-
-static void terminate_process_tree(DWORD ppid)
-{
-    FILETIME parent_creation_time = { 0 };
-    HANDLE h = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
-    PROCESSENTRY32W pe = { 0 };
-    pe.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32W);
-
-    if (!get_pid_creation_time(ppid, &parent_creation_time) || !h)
-    {
-        CloseHandle(h);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (Process32FirstW(h, &pe))
-    {
-        do
-        {
-            FILETIME child_creation_time = { 0 };
-
-            if (!get_pid_creation_time(pe.th32ProcessID, &child_creation_time))
-            {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Compare creation time to avoid reuse PID, thanks to @ThFabba
-            if (pe.th32ParentProcessID == ppid &&
-                CompareFileTime(&parent_creation_time, &child_creation_time) < 0)
-            {
-                HANDLE process;
-
-                // Use recursion to browse all child processes
-                terminate_process_tree(pe.th32ProcessID);
-                process = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pe.th32ProcessID);
-                if (!process)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (!TerminateProcess(process, 1))
-                {
-                    taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_TERM_CHILD_FAILED, pe.th32ProcessID, ppid);
-                    CloseHandle(process);
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_TERM_CHILD, pe.th32ProcessID, ppid);
-                CloseHandle(process);
-            }
-        } while (Process32NextW(h, &pe));
-    }
-
-    CloseHandle(h);
-}
-
-#endif // __REACTOS__
-
 static int terminate_processes(void)
 {
     const WCHAR *process_name;
@@ -574,17 +540,6 @@ static int terminate_processes(void)
 #endif
 
         pid = process_list[i].p.th32ProcessID;
-#ifdef __REACTOS__
-        if (pid == self_pid)
-        {
-            taskkill_message(STRING_SELF_TERMINATION);
-            status_code = 1;
-            continue;
-        }
-        // Terminate child first
-        if (kill_child_processes)
-            terminate_process_tree(pid);
-#endif
         process_name = process_list[i].p.szExeFile;
         process = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
         if (!process)
@@ -679,7 +634,7 @@ static BOOL process_arguments(int argc, WCHAR* argv[])
             {
             case OP_PARAM_FORCE_TERMINATE:
             {
-                if (force_termination == TRUE)
+                if (force_termination)
                 {
                     // -f already specified
                     taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_PARAM_TOO_MUCH, argv[i], 1);
@@ -725,7 +680,7 @@ static BOOL process_arguments(int argc, WCHAR* argv[])
             }
             case OP_PARAM_HELP:
             {
-                if (has_help == TRUE)
+                if (has_help)
                 {
                     // -? already specified
                     taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_PARAM_TOO_MUCH, argv[i], 1);
@@ -737,7 +692,7 @@ static BOOL process_arguments(int argc, WCHAR* argv[])
             }
             case OP_PARAM_TERMINATE_CHILD:
             {
-                if (kill_child_processes == TRUE)
+                if (kill_child_processes)
                 {
                     // -t already specified
                     taskkill_message_printfW(STRING_PARAM_TOO_MUCH, argv[i], 1);
@@ -772,7 +727,7 @@ static BOOL process_arguments(int argc, WCHAR* argv[])
             exit(0);
         }
     }
-    else if ((!has_im) && (!has_pid)) // has_help == FALSE
+    else if (!has_im && !has_pid) // has_help == FALSE
     {
         // both has_im and has_pid are missing (maybe -fi option is missing too, if implemented later)
         taskkill_message(STRING_MISSING_OPTION);
@@ -893,10 +848,8 @@ int wmain(int argc, WCHAR *argv[])
 
     for (i = 0; i < task_count; ++i)
         mark_task_process(task_list[i], &search_status);
-#ifndef __REACTOS__
     if (kill_child_processes)
         mark_child_processes();
-#endif
     if (force_termination)
         terminate_status = terminate_processes();
     else