Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24856: lint: Converting lint-assertions.sh to lint-assertions.py

172c233 Porting lint-assertions.sh to lint-assertions.py (hiago)

Pull request description:

  This PR is converting `test/lint/lint-assertions.sh` to `test/lint/lint-assertions.py`. It's an item of #24783.

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    Tested ACK 172c233

Tree-SHA512: 94d5b03acfeaf2303fad95d489d6c3aa7bd655889ddaa807cc97e0613b8eb8f5ef094feee2a98d974606890deb554e76490a5c523d64eb5bc55afa6a43221aae

Author: laanwj

test/lint/lint-assertions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+#
+# Check for assertions with obvious side effects.
+
+import sys
+import subprocess
+
+
+def git_grep(params: [], error_msg: ""):
+    try:
+        output = subprocess.check_output(["git", "grep", *params], universal_newlines=True, encoding="utf8")
+        print(error_msg)
+        print(output)
+        return 1
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as ex1:
+        if ex1.returncode > 1:
+            raise ex1
+    return 0
+
+
+def main():
+    # PRE31-C (SEI CERT C Coding Standard):
+    # "Assertions should not contain assignments, increment, or decrement operators."
+    exit_code = git_grep([
+        "-E",
+        r"[^_]assert\(.*(\+\+|\-\-|[^=!<>]=[^=!<>]).*\);",
+        "--",
+        "*.cpp",
+        "*.h"
+    ], "Assertions should not have side effects:")
+
+    # Macro CHECK_NONFATAL(condition) should be used instead of assert for RPC code, where it
+    # is undesirable to crash the whole program. See: src/util/check.h
+    # src/rpc/server.cpp is excluded from this check since it's mostly meta-code.
+    exit_code |= git_grep([
+        "-nE",
+        r"\<(A|a)ssert *\(.*\);",
+        "--",
+        "src/rpc/",
+        "src/wallet/rpc*",
+        ":(exclude)src/rpc/server.cpp"
+    ], "CHECK_NONFATAL(condition) should be used instead of assert for RPC code.")
+
+    sys.exit(exit_code)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()