Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31612: ci: build msan's libc++ with _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_*

fb37acd ci: build msan's libc++ with _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_* (Vasil Dimov)

Pull request description:

  For the task `MSan, depends (Cirrus CI)` we build a custom libc++ for which we already use `-DLIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE=debug`. Compile it also with `_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_*` to enable further checks.

  Docs at: https://libcxx.llvm.org/Hardening.html#abi-options

ACKs for top commit:
  maflcko:
    review ACK fb37acd

Tree-SHA512: 7687b47e86c524c947dd4311289cdd9bc3dd25e31e844375781a37c110f8ab65bdfcc485f17fd3b20f070cc93187f0ba2ad45089451220f31309c143bb21cc3f

Author: fanquake

ci/test/01_base_install.sh

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ if [[ ${USE_MEMORY_SANITIZER} == "true" ]]; then
     -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=Native \
     -DLLVM_ENABLE_PER_TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR=OFF \
     -DLIBCXXABI_USE_LLVM_UNWINDER=OFF \
+    -DLIBCXX_ABI_DEFINES="_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS;_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS_IN_STD_ARRAY;_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS_IN_STRING;_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS_IN_VECTOR;_LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_UNIQUE_PTR" \
     -DLIBCXX_HARDENING_MODE=debug \
     -S /msan/llvm-project/runtimes