Merge #20471: build: use C++17 in depends

2f5dfe4 depends: build qt in c++17 mode (fanquake)
104e859 builds: don't pass -silent to qt when building in debug mode (fanquake)
e2c5006 depends: build zeromq with -std=c++17 (fanquake)
2374f2f depends: build Boost with -std=c++17 (fanquake)
2dde557 depends: build bdb with -std=c++17 (fanquake)

Pull request description:

  In packages where we are passing `-std=c++11` switch to `-std=c++17`, or, `-std=c++1z` in the case of Qt.

  This PR also contains a [commit](bitcoin/bitcoin@104e859) that improves debug output when building Qt for debugging (`DEBUG=1`).

  Now we'll get output like this:
  ```bash
  g++ -c -pipe -ffunction-sections -O2 -fPIC -std=c++11 -fno-exceptions <lots more> ../../corelib/kernel/qcoreapplication.cpp
  ```
  rather than just:
  ```bash
  compiling ../../corelib/kernel/qcoreapplication.cpp
  ```

  Note that when you look at the DEBUG output for these changes when building Qt, you'll see objects being compiled with a mix of C++11 and C++17. The breakdown is roughly:

  1. `qmake` built with `-std=c++11`:
  ```bash
  Creating qmake...
  make[1]: Entering directory '<trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/qmake'
  g++ -c -o project.o   -std=c++11 -ffunction-sections -O2 -g <trim> <trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/qmake/project.cpp

  # when qmake, Qt also builds some of it's corelib, such as corelib/global/qmalloc.cpp
  g++ -c -o qmalloc.o   -std=c++11 -ffunction-sections -O2 -g <trim> <trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/src/corelib/global/qmalloc.cpp
  ```

  2. `qmake` is run, and passed our build options, including `-c++std`:
  ```bash
  make[1]: Entering directory '<trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase'
  <trim>qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/bin/qmake -o Makefile qtbase.pro -- -bindir <trim>/native/bin -c++std c++1z -confirm-license <trim>
  ```

  3. After some cleaning and configuring, we actually start to build Qt, as well as it's tools and internal libs:
  ```bash
  Building qt...
  make[1]: Entering directory '<trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/src'

  # build libpng, zlib etc
  gcc -c -m64 -pipe -pipe -O1 <trim> -o .obj/png.o png.c

  # build libQt5Bootstrap, using C++11, which again compiles qmalloc.cpp
  make[2]: Entering directory '<trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qtbase/src/tools/bootstrap'
  g++ -c -pipe -ffunction-sections -O2 -fPIC -std=c++11 <trim> -o .obj/qmalloc.o ../../corelib/global/qmalloc.cpp

  # build a bunch of tools like moc, rcc, uic, qfloat16-tables, qdbuscpp2xml, using C++11
  g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=c++11 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W <trim> -o .obj/rcc.o rcc.cpp

  # from here, Qt is compiled with -std=c++1z, including qmalloc.cpp, for the third and final time:
  g++ -c -include .pch/Qt5Core <trim> -g -Og -fPIC -std=c++1z -fvisibility=hidden <trim> -o .obj/qmalloc.o global/qmalloc.cpp
  ```

  4.  Finally, build tools like `lrelease`, `lupdate`, etc, but back to using -std=c++11
  ```bash
  make[1]: Entering directory '<trim>/qt/5.9.8-4110fa99945/qttools/src/linguist/lrelease'
  g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=c++11 -fno-exceptions -Wall -W <trim> -o .obj/translator.o ../shared/translator.cpp
  ```

  If you dump the debug info from the built Qt libs, they should also tell you that they were compiled with `C++17`:
  ```bash
  objdump -g bitcoin/depends/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib/libQt5Core.a
  GNU C++17 9.3.0 -m64 -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -g -O1 -Og -std=c++17 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection
  ```

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    Code review ACK bitcoin/bitcoin@2f5dfe4
  practicalswift:
    cr ACK 2f5dfe4: patch looks correct
  fjahr:
    Code review ACK 2f5dfe4
  hebasto:
    ACK 2f5dfe4, I have reviewed the code and it looks OK, I agree it can be merged.

Tree-SHA512: fc5e9d7c7518c68349c8228fb1aead829850373efc960c9b8c079096a83d1dad19c62a9730fce5802322bf07e320960fd47851420d429eda0a87c307f4e8b03a

Author: fanquake

ci/test/00_setup_env_native_msan.sh

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export BDB_PREFIX="${BASE_ROOT_DIR}/db4"
 
 export CONTAINER_NAME="ci_native_msan"
 export PACKAGES="clang-9 llvm-9 cmake"
-export DEP_OPTS="NO_BDB=1 NO_QT=1 CC='clang' CXX='clang++' CFLAGS='${MSAN_FLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}' boost_cxxflags='-std=c++11 -fvisibility=hidden -fPIC ${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}' zeromq_cxxflags='-std=c++11 ${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}'"
+export DEP_OPTS="NO_BDB=1 NO_QT=1 CC='clang' CXX='clang++' CFLAGS='${MSAN_FLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}' boost_cxxflags='-std=c++17 -fvisibility=hidden -fPIC ${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}' zeromq_cxxflags='-std=c++17 ${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}'"
 export GOAL="install"
 export BITCOIN_CONFIG="--enable-wallet --with-sanitizers=memory --with-asm=no --prefix=${BASE_ROOT_DIR}/depends/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/ CC=clang CXX=clang++ CFLAGS='${MSAN_FLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='${MSAN_AND_LIBCXX_FLAGS}' BDB_LIBS='-L${BDB_PREFIX}/lib -ldb_cxx-4.8' BDB_CFLAGS='-I${BDB_PREFIX}/include'"
 export USE_MEMORY_SANITIZER="true"

depends/packages/bdb.mk

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ $(package)_config_opts=--disable-shared --enable-cxx --disable-replication --ena
 $(package)_config_opts_mingw32=--enable-mingw
 $(package)_config_opts_linux=--with-pic
 $(package)_cflags+=-Wno-error=implicit-function-declaration
-$(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++11
+$(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++17
 $(package)_cppflags_mingw32=-DUNICODE -D_UNICODE
 endef
 

depends/packages/boost.mk

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ else
 $(package)_toolset_$(host_os)=gcc
 endif
 $(package)_config_libraries=filesystem,system,thread,test
-$(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++11 -fvisibility=hidden
+$(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++17 -fvisibility=hidden
 $(package)_cxxflags_linux=-fPIC
 $(package)_cxxflags_android=-fPIC
 endef

depends/packages/qt.mk

@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ $(package)_extra_sources += $($(package)_qttools_file_name)
 
 define $(package)_set_vars
 $(package)_config_opts_release = -release
+$(package)_config_opts_release += -silent
 $(package)_config_opts_debug = -debug
 $(package)_config_opts += -bindir $(build_prefix)/bin
-$(package)_config_opts += -c++std c++11
+$(package)_config_opts += -c++std c++1z
 $(package)_config_opts += -confirm-license
 $(package)_config_opts += -hostprefix $(build_prefix)
 $(package)_config_opts += -no-compile-examples
@@ -77,7 +78,6 @@ $(package)_config_opts += -qt-pcre
 $(package)_config_opts += -qt-harfbuzz
 $(package)_config_opts += -system-zlib
 $(package)_config_opts += -static
-$(package)_config_opts += -silent
 $(package)_config_opts += -v
 $(package)_config_opts += -no-feature-bearermanagement
 $(package)_config_opts += -no-feature-colordialog

depends/packages/zeromq.mk

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ define $(package)_set_vars
   $(package)_config_opts += --disable-Werror --disable-drafts --enable-option-checking
   $(package)_config_opts_linux=--with-pic
   $(package)_config_opts_android=--with-pic
-  $(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++11
+  $(package)_cxxflags=-std=c++17
 endef
 
 define $(package)_preprocess_cmds