refactor: wrap CCoinsViewCursor in unique_ptr

Specifically with CCoinsViewDB, if a raw cursor is allocated and
not freed, a cryptic leveldb assertion failure occurs on
CCoinsViewDB destruction.

See: google/leveldb#142 (comment)

Author: jamesob

src/coins.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ bool CCoinsView::GetCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint, Coin &coin) const { return f
 uint256 CCoinsView::GetBestBlock() const { return uint256(); }
 std::vector<uint256> CCoinsView::GetHeadBlocks() const { return std::vector<uint256>(); }
 bool CCoinsView::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) { return false; }
-CCoinsViewCursor *CCoinsView::Cursor() const { return nullptr; }
+std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> CCoinsView::Cursor() const { return nullptr; }
 
 bool CCoinsView::HaveCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint) const
 {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ uint256 CCoinsViewBacked::GetBestBlock() const { return base->GetBestBlock(); }
 std::vector<uint256> CCoinsViewBacked::GetHeadBlocks() const { return base->GetHeadBlocks(); }
 void CCoinsViewBacked::SetBackend(CCoinsView &viewIn) { base = &viewIn; }
 bool CCoinsViewBacked::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) { return base->BatchWrite(mapCoins, hashBlock); }
-CCoinsViewCursor *CCoinsViewBacked::Cursor() const { return base->Cursor(); }
+std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> CCoinsViewBacked::Cursor() const { return base->Cursor(); }
 size_t CCoinsViewBacked::EstimateSize() const { return base->EstimateSize(); }
 
 CCoinsViewCache::CCoinsViewCache(CCoinsView *baseIn) : CCoinsViewBacked(baseIn), cachedCoinsUsage(0) {}

src/coins.h

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class CCoinsView
     virtual bool BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock);
 
     //! Get a cursor to iterate over the whole state
-    virtual CCoinsViewCursor *Cursor() const;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> Cursor() const;
 
     //! As we use CCoinsViews polymorphically, have a virtual destructor
     virtual ~CCoinsView() {}
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class CCoinsViewBacked : public CCoinsView
     std::vector<uint256> GetHeadBlocks() const override;
     void SetBackend(CCoinsView &viewIn);
     bool BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) override;
-    CCoinsViewCursor *Cursor() const override;
+    std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> Cursor() const override;
     size_t EstimateSize() const override;
 };
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class CCoinsViewCache : public CCoinsViewBacked
     uint256 GetBestBlock() const override;
     void SetBestBlock(const uint256 &hashBlock);
     bool BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) override;
-    CCoinsViewCursor* Cursor() const override {
+    std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> Cursor() const override {
         throw std::logic_error("CCoinsViewCache cursor iteration not supported.");
     }
 

src/rpc/blockchain.cpp

@@ -2391,7 +2391,7 @@ static RPCHelpMan scantxoutset()
             LOCK(cs_main);
             CChainState& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
             active_chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();
-            pcursor = std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor>(active_chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor());
+            pcursor = active_chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor();
             CHECK_NONFATAL(pcursor);
             tip = active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip();
             CHECK_NONFATAL(tip);
@@ -2590,7 +2590,7 @@ UniValue CreateUTXOSnapshot(NodeContext& node, CChainState& chainstate, CAutoFil
             throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to read UTXO set");
         }
 
-        pcursor = std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor>(chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor());
+        pcursor = chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor();
         tip = chainstate.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(stats.hashBlock);
         CHECK_NONFATAL(tip);
     }

src/test/fuzz/coins_view.cpp

@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ FUZZ_TARGET_INIT(coins_view, initialize_coins_view)
     }
 
     {
-        const CCoinsViewCursor* coins_view_cursor = backend_coins_view.Cursor();
-        assert(coins_view_cursor == nullptr);
+        std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> coins_view_cursor = backend_coins_view.Cursor();
+        assert(!coins_view_cursor);
         (void)backend_coins_view.EstimateSize();
         (void)backend_coins_view.GetBestBlock();
         (void)backend_coins_view.GetHeadBlocks();

src/txdb.cpp

@@ -168,9 +168,10 @@ bool CBlockTreeDB::ReadLastBlockFile(int &nFile) {
     return Read(DB_LAST_BLOCK, nFile);
 }
 
-CCoinsViewCursor *CCoinsViewDB::Cursor() const
+std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> CCoinsViewDB::Cursor() const
 {
-    CCoinsViewDBCursor *i = new CCoinsViewDBCursor(const_cast<CDBWrapper&>(*m_db).NewIterator(), GetBestBlock());
+    auto i = std::make_unique<CCoinsViewDBCursor>(
+        const_cast<CDBWrapper&>(*m_db).NewIterator(), GetBestBlock());
     /* It seems that there are no "const iterators" for LevelDB.  Since we
        only need read operations on it, use a const-cast to get around
        that restriction.  */

src/txdb.h

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class CCoinsViewDB final : public CCoinsView
     uint256 GetBestBlock() const override;
     std::vector<uint256> GetHeadBlocks() const override;
     bool BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) override;
-    CCoinsViewCursor *Cursor() const override;
+    std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> Cursor() const override;
 
     //! Attempt to update from an older database format. Returns whether an error occurred.
     bool Upgrade();
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ class CCoinsViewDB final : public CCoinsView
 class CCoinsViewDBCursor: public CCoinsViewCursor
 {
 public:
+    CCoinsViewDBCursor(CDBIterator* pcursorIn, const uint256 &hashBlockIn):
+        CCoinsViewCursor(hashBlockIn), pcursor(pcursorIn) {}
     ~CCoinsViewDBCursor() {}
 
     bool GetKey(COutPoint &key) const override;
@@ -84,8 +86,6 @@ class CCoinsViewDBCursor: public CCoinsViewCursor
     void Next() override;
 
 private:
-    CCoinsViewDBCursor(CDBIterator* pcursorIn, const uint256 &hashBlockIn):
-        CCoinsViewCursor(hashBlockIn), pcursor(pcursorIn) {}
     std::unique_ptr<CDBIterator> pcursor;
     std::pair<char, COutPoint> keyTmp;