test, doc: basic M-of-N multisig minor cleanup and clarifications

wallet_multisig_descriptor_psbt.py is refactored in this commit. While
behavior doesn't change we do cleanup the way wallets are accessed
throughout the test as this is done a lot for the various signers
and their multisigs. We also get rid of some shallow methods and
instead inline them for improved readability.

descriptors.md is improved to be more explicit about which wallet
(ie the signer or multisig) is required for each step.

Author: mjdietzx

doc/descriptors.md

@@ -145,22 +145,24 @@ For a good example of a basic M-of-N multisig between multiple participants usin
 wallets and PSBTs, as well as a signing flow, see [this functional test](/test/functional/wallet_multisig_descriptor_psbt.py).
 The basic steps are:
 
-  1. Every participant generates an xpub. The most straightforward way is to create a new descriptor wallet.
-     Avoid reusing this wallet for any other purpose. Hint: extract the wallet's xpubs using `listdescriptors`
-     and pick the one from the `pkh` descriptor since it's least likely to be accidentally reused (legacy addresses)
+  1. Every participant generates an xpub. The most straightforward way is to create a new descriptor wallet which we will refer to as
+     the participant's signer wallet. Avoid reusing this wallet for any purpose other than signing transactions from the
+     corresponding multisig we are about to create. Hint: extract the wallet's xpubs using `listdescriptors` and pick the one from the
+     `pkh` descriptor since it's least likely to be accidentally reused (legacy addresses)
   2. Create a watch-only descriptor wallet (blank, private keys disabled). Now the multisig is created by importing the two descriptors:
      `wsh(sortedmulti(<M>,XPUB1/0/*,XPUB2/0/*,…,XPUBN/0/*))` and `wsh(sortedmulti(<M>,XPUB1/1/*,XPUB2/1/*,…,XPUBN/1/*))`
      (one descriptor w/ `0` for receiving addresses and another w/ `1` for change). Every participant does this
   3. A receiving address is generated for the multisig. As a check to ensure step 2 was done correctly, every participant
      should verify they get the same addresses
   4. Funds are sent to the resulting address
-  5. A sending transaction is created using `walletcreatefundedpsbt` (anyone can initiate this). It is simple to do this in
-     the GUI by going to the `Send` tab in the multisig wallet and creating an unsigned transaction (PSBT)
-  6. At least `M` users check the PSBT with `decodepsbt` and (if OK) signs it with `walletprocesspsbt`. It is simple to do
-     this in the GUI by Loading the PSBT from file and signing it
-  7. The signed PSBTs are collected with `combinepsbt`, finalized w/ `finalizepsbt`, and
-     then the resulting transaction is broadcasted to the network
-  8. Checks that balances are correct after the transaction has been included in a block
+  5. A sending transaction from the multisig is created using `walletcreatefundedpsbt` (anyone can initiate this). It is simple to do
+     this in the GUI by going to the `Send` tab in the multisig wallet and creating an unsigned transaction (PSBT)
+  6. At least `M` participants check the PSBT with their multisig using `decodepsbt` to verify the transaction is OK before signing it.
+  7. (If OK) the participant signs the PSBT with their signer wallet using `walletprocesspsbt`. It is simple to do this in the GUI by
+     loading the PSBT from file and signing it
+  8. The signed PSBTs are collected with `combinepsbt`, finalized w/ `finalizepsbt`, and then the resulting transaction is broadcasted
+     to the network. Note that any wallet (eg one of the signers or multisig) is capable of doing this.
+  9. Checks that balances are correct after the transaction has been included in a block
 
 You may prefer a daisy chained signing flow where each participant signs the PSBT one after another until
 the PSBT has been signed `M` times and is "complete." For the most part, the steps above remain the same, except (6, 7)

test/functional/wallet_multisig_descriptor_psbt.py

@@ -26,13 +26,15 @@ def skip_test_if_missing_module(self):
         self.skip_if_no_wallet()
         self.skip_if_no_sqlite()
 
-    def _get_xpub(self, wallet):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_xpub(wallet):
         """Extract the wallet's xpubs using `listdescriptors` and pick the one from the `pkh` descriptor since it's least likely to be accidentally reused (legacy addresses)."""
         descriptor = next(filter(lambda d: d["desc"].startswith("pkh"), wallet.listdescriptors()["descriptors"]))
         return descriptor["desc"].split("]")[-1].split("/")[0]
 
-    def _check_psbt(self, psbt, to, value, multisig):
-        """Helper method for any of the N participants to check the psbt with decodepsbt and verify it is OK before signing."""
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_psbt(psbt, to, value, multisig):
+        """Helper function for any of the N participants to check the psbt with decodepsbt and verify it is OK before signing."""
         tx = multisig.decodepsbt(psbt)["tx"]
         amount = 0
         for vout in tx["vout"]:
@@ -42,25 +44,19 @@ def _check_psbt(self, psbt, to, value, multisig):
                 amount += vout["value"]
         assert_approx(amount, float(value), vspan=0.001)
 
-    def generate_and_exchange_xpubs(self, participants):
-        """Every participant generates an xpub. The most straightforward way is to create a new descriptor wallet. Avoid reusing this wallet for any other purpose.."""
-        for i, node in enumerate(participants):
-            node.createwallet(wallet_name=f"participant_{i}", descriptors=True)
-            yield self._get_xpub(node.get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{i}"))
-
-    def participants_import_descriptors(self, participants, xpubs):
+    def participants_create_multisigs(self, xpubs):
         """The multisig is created by importing the following descriptors. The resulting wallet is watch-only and every participant can do this."""
         # some simple validation
         assert_equal(len(xpubs), self.N)
         # a sanity-check/assertion, this will throw if the base58 checksum of any of the provided xpubs are invalid
         for xpub in xpubs:
             base58_to_byte(xpub)
 
-        for i, node in enumerate(participants):
+        for i, node in enumerate(self.nodes):
             node.createwallet(wallet_name=f"{self.name}_{i}", blank=True, descriptors=True, disable_private_keys=True)
             multisig = node.get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{i}")
-            external = multisig.getdescriptorinfo(f"wsh(sortedmulti({self.M},{f'/{0}/*,'.join(xpubs)}/{0}/*))")
-            internal = multisig.getdescriptorinfo(f"wsh(sortedmulti({self.M},{f'/{1}/*,'.join(xpubs)}/{1}/*))")
+            external = multisig.getdescriptorinfo(f"wsh(sortedmulti({self.M},{f'/0/*,'.join(xpubs)}/0/*))")
+            internal = multisig.getdescriptorinfo(f"wsh(sortedmulti({self.M},{f'/1/*,'.join(xpubs)}/1/*))")
             result = multisig.importdescriptors([
                 {  # receiving addresses (internal: False)
                     "desc": external["descriptor"],
@@ -76,73 +72,81 @@ def participants_import_descriptors(self, participants, xpubs):
                 },
             ])
             assert all(r["success"] for r in result)
-
-    def get_multisig_receiving_address(self):
-        """We will send funds to the resulting address (every participant should get the same addresses)."""
-        multisig = self.nodes[0].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{0}")
-        receiving_address = multisig.getnewaddress()
-        for i in range(1, self.N):
-            assert_equal(receiving_address, self.nodes[i].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{i}").getnewaddress())
-        return receiving_address
-
-    def make_sending_transaction(self, to, value):
-        """Make a sending transaction, created using walletcreatefundedpsbt (anyone can initiate this)."""
-        return self.nodes[0].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{0}").walletcreatefundedpsbt(inputs=[], outputs={to: value}, options={"feeRate": 0.00010})
+            yield multisig
 
     def run_test(self):
         self.M = 2
         self.N = self.num_nodes
         self.name = f"{self.M}_of_{self.N}_multisig"
         self.log.info(f"Testing {self.name}...")
 
+        participants = {
+            # Every participant generates an xpub. The most straightforward way is to create a new descriptor wallet.
+            # This wallet will be the participant's `signer` for the resulting multisig. Avoid reusing this wallet for any other purpose (for privacy reasons).
+            "signers": [node.get_wallet_rpc(node.createwallet(wallet_name=f"participant_{self.nodes.index(node)}", descriptors=True)["name"]) for node in self.nodes],
+            # After participants generate and exchange their xpubs they will each create their own watch-only multisig.
+            # Note: these multisigs are all the same, this justs highlights that each participant can independently verify everything on their own node.
+            "multisigs": []
+        }
+
         self.log.info("Generate and exchange xpubs...")
-        xpubs = list(self.generate_and_exchange_xpubs(self.nodes))
+        xpubs = [self._get_xpub(signer) for signer in participants["signers"]]
 
         self.log.info("Every participant imports the following descriptors to create the watch-only multisig...")
-        self.participants_import_descriptors(self.nodes, xpubs)
+        participants["multisigs"] = list(self.participants_create_multisigs(xpubs))
+
+        self.log.info("Check that every participant's multisig generates the same addresses...")
+        for _ in range(10):  # we check that the first 10 generated addresses are the same for all participant's multisigs
+            receive_addresses = [multisig.getnewaddress() for multisig in participants["multisigs"]]
+            all(address == receive_addresses[0] for address in receive_addresses)
+            change_addresses = [multisig.getrawchangeaddress() for multisig in participants["multisigs"]]
+            all(address == change_addresses[0] for address in change_addresses)
 
         self.log.info("Get a mature utxo to send to the multisig...")
-        coordinator_wallet = self.nodes[0].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{0}")
+        coordinator_wallet = participants["signers"][0]
         coordinator_wallet.generatetoaddress(101, coordinator_wallet.getnewaddress())
 
         deposit_amount = 6.15
-        multisig_receiving_address = self.get_multisig_receiving_address()
+        multisig_receiving_address = participants["multisigs"][0].getnewaddress()
         self.log.info("Send funds to the resulting multisig receiving address...")
         coordinator_wallet.sendtoaddress(multisig_receiving_address, deposit_amount)
         self.nodes[0].generate(1)
         self.sync_all()
-        for n in range(self.N):
-            assert_approx(self.nodes[n].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{n}").getbalance(), deposit_amount, vspan=0.001)
+        for participant in participants["multisigs"]:
+            assert_approx(participant.getbalance(), deposit_amount, vspan=0.001)
 
         self.log.info("Send a transaction from the multisig!")
-        to = self.nodes[self.N - 1].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{self.N - 1}").getnewaddress()
+        to = participants["signers"][self.N - 1].getnewaddress()
         value = 1
-        psbt = self.make_sending_transaction(to, value)
+        self.log.info("First, make a sending transaction, created using `walletcreatefundedpsbt` (anyone can initiate this)...")
+        psbt = participants["multisigs"][0].walletcreatefundedpsbt(inputs=[], outputs={to: value}, options={"feeRate": 0.00010})
 
         psbts = []
-        self.log.info("At least M users check the psbt with decodepsbt and (if OK) signs it with walletprocesspsbt...")
+        self.log.info("Now at least M users check the psbt with decodepsbt and (if OK) signs it with walletprocesspsbt...")
         for m in range(self.M):
-            signers_multisig = self.nodes[m].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{m}")
+            signers_multisig = participants["multisigs"][m]
             self._check_psbt(psbt["psbt"], to, value, signers_multisig)
-            signing_wallet = self.nodes[m].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{m}")
+            signing_wallet = participants["signers"][m]
             partially_signed_psbt = signing_wallet.walletprocesspsbt(psbt["psbt"])
             psbts.append(partially_signed_psbt["psbt"])
 
-        self.log.info("Collect the signed PSBTs with combinepsbt, finalizepsbt, then broadcast the resulting transaction...")
+        self.log.info("Finally, collect the signed PSBTs with combinepsbt, finalizepsbt, then broadcast the resulting transaction...")
         combined = coordinator_wallet.combinepsbt(psbts)
         finalized = coordinator_wallet.finalizepsbt(combined)
         coordinator_wallet.sendrawtransaction(finalized["hex"])
 
         self.log.info("Check that balances are correct after the transaction has been included in a block.")
         self.nodes[0].generate(1)
         self.sync_all()
-        assert_approx(self.nodes[0].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{0}").getbalance(), deposit_amount - value, vspan=0.001)
-        assert_equal(self.nodes[self.N - 1].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{self.N - 1}").getbalance(), value)
+        assert_approx(participants["multisigs"][0].getbalance(), deposit_amount - value, vspan=0.001)
+        assert_equal(participants["signers"][self.N - 1].getbalance(), value)
 
         self.log.info("Send another transaction from the multisig, this time with a daisy chained signing flow (one after another in series)!")
-        psbt = self.make_sending_transaction(to, value)
+        psbt = participants["multisigs"][0].walletcreatefundedpsbt(inputs=[], outputs={to: value}, options={"feeRate": 0.00010})
         for m in range(self.M):
-            signing_wallet = self.nodes[m].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{m}")
+            signers_multisig = participants["multisigs"][m]
+            self._check_psbt(psbt["psbt"], to, value, signers_multisig)
+            signing_wallet = participants["signers"][m]
             psbt = signing_wallet.walletprocesspsbt(psbt["psbt"])
             assert_equal(psbt["complete"], m == self.M - 1)
         finalized = coordinator_wallet.finalizepsbt(psbt["psbt"])
@@ -151,8 +155,8 @@ def run_test(self):
         self.log.info("Check that balances are correct after the transaction has been included in a block.")
         self.nodes[0].generate(1)
         self.sync_all()
-        assert_approx(self.nodes[0].get_wallet_rpc(f"{self.name}_{0}").getbalance(), deposit_amount - (value * 2), vspan=0.001)
-        assert_equal(self.nodes[self.N - 1].get_wallet_rpc(f"participant_{self.N - 1}").getbalance(), value * 2)
+        assert_approx(participants["multisigs"][0].getbalance(), deposit_amount - (value * 2), vspan=0.001)
+        assert_equal(participants["signers"][self.N - 1].getbalance(), value * 2)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":