diff --git a/ledger/alonzo/alonzo.go b/ledger/alonzo/alonzo.go
index 0cc54feb..66219ab6 100644
--- a/ledger/alonzo/alonzo.go
+++ b/ledger/alonzo/alonzo.go
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func (o AlonzoTransactionOutput) Datum() *cbor.LazyValue {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o AlonzoTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
+func (o AlonzoTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error) {
 	var assets []*utxorpc.Multiasset
 	if o.Assets() != nil {
 		tmpAssets := o.Assets()
@@ -357,14 +357,20 @@ func (o AlonzoTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
 		}
 	}
 
+	addressBytes, err := o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get address bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
-		Address: o.OutputAddress.Bytes(),
-		Coin:    o.Amount(),
-		Assets:  assets,
-		Datum: &utxorpc.Datum{
-			Hash: o.TxOutputDatumHash.Bytes(),
+			Address: addressBytes,
+			Coin:    o.Amount(),
+			Assets:  assets,
+			Datum: &utxorpc.Datum{
+				Hash: o.TxOutputDatumHash.Bytes(),
+			},
 		},
-	}
+		nil
 }
 
 type AlonzoRedeemer struct {
diff --git a/ledger/babbage/babbage.go b/ledger/babbage/babbage.go
index c1386b25..b9988006 100644
--- a/ledger/babbage/babbage.go
+++ b/ledger/babbage/babbage.go
@@ -505,12 +505,17 @@ func (o BabbageTransactionOutput) Datum() *cbor.LazyValue {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o BabbageTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
+func (o BabbageTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error) {
+	// Handle address bytes
+	addressBytes, err := o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get output address bytes: %w", err)
+	}
 	var address []byte
-	if o.OutputAddress.Bytes() == nil {
+	if addressBytes == nil {
 		address = []byte{}
 	} else {
-		address = o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+		address = addressBytes
 	}
 
 	var assets []*utxorpc.Multiasset
@@ -540,15 +545,16 @@ func (o BabbageTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
 	}
 
 	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
-		Address: address,
-		Coin:    o.Amount(),
-		Assets:  assets,
-		Datum: &utxorpc.Datum{
-			Hash: datumHash,
-			// OriginalCbor: o.Datum().Cbor(),
+			Address: address,
+			Coin:    o.Amount(),
+			Assets:  assets,
+			Datum: &utxorpc.Datum{
+				Hash: datumHash,
+				// OriginalCbor: o.Datum().Cbor(),
+			},
+			// Script:    o.ScriptRef,
 		},
-		// Script:    o.ScriptRef,
-	}
+		nil
 }
 
 type BabbageTransactionWitnessSet struct {
diff --git a/ledger/babbage/babbage_test.go b/ledger/babbage/babbage_test.go
index abb9b5de..bd2a162d 100644
--- a/ledger/babbage/babbage_test.go
+++ b/ledger/babbage/babbage_test.go
@@ -2775,7 +2775,10 @@ func TestBabbageTransactionOutput_Utxorpc_DatumOptionNil(t *testing.T) {
 		DatumOption: &BabbageTransactionOutputDatumOption{},
 	}
 
-	txOutput := output.Utxorpc()
+	txOutput, err := output.Utxorpc()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Utxorpc() failed: %v", err) // Fail and stop the test
+	}
 
 	assert.NotNil(t, txOutput)
 	assert.Equal(t, []byte{}, txOutput.Datum.Hash)
diff --git a/ledger/byron/byron.go b/ledger/byron/byron.go
index c40247fe..5f83800e 100644
--- a/ledger/byron/byron.go
+++ b/ledger/byron/byron.go
@@ -430,11 +430,16 @@ func (o ByronTransactionOutput) Datum() *cbor.LazyValue {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o ByronTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
-	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
-		Address: o.OutputAddress.Bytes(),
-		Coin:    o.Amount(),
+func (o ByronTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error) {
+	addressBytes, err := o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get address bytes: %w", err)
 	}
+	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
+			Address: addressBytes,
+			Coin:    o.Amount(),
+		},
+		nil
 }
 
 type ByronBlockVersion struct {
diff --git a/ledger/common/address.go b/ledger/common/address.go
index 29a79bd9..1e5fd8c1 100644
--- a/ledger/common/address.go
+++ b/ledger/common/address.go
@@ -269,7 +269,11 @@ func (a *Address) UnmarshalCBOR(data []byte) error {
 }
 
 func (a *Address) MarshalCBOR() ([]byte, error) {
-	addrBytes := a.Bytes()
+	addrBytes, err := a.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get address bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	if a.addressType == AddressTypeByron {
 		return addrBytes, nil
 	}
@@ -376,7 +380,7 @@ func (a Address) generateHRP() string {
 }
 
 // Bytes returns the underlying bytes for the address
-func (a Address) Bytes() []byte {
+func (a Address) Bytes() ([]byte, error) {
 	if a.addressType == AddressTypeByron {
 		tmpPayload := []any{
 			a.paymentAddress,
@@ -385,8 +389,7 @@ func (a Address) Bytes() []byte {
 		}
 		rawPayload, err := cbor.Encode(tmpPayload)
 		if err != nil {
-			// TODO: handle error (#851)
-			return nil
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to encode Byron address payload: %w", err)
 		}
 		tmpData := []any{
 			cbor.Tag{
@@ -397,10 +400,9 @@ func (a Address) Bytes() []byte {
 		}
 		ret, err := cbor.Encode(tmpData)
 		if err != nil {
-			// TODO: handle error (#851)
-			return nil
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to encode Byron address data: %w", err)
 		}
-		return ret
+		return ret, nil
 	}
 	ret := []byte{}
 	ret = append(
@@ -410,12 +412,15 @@ func (a Address) Bytes() []byte {
 	ret = append(ret, a.paymentAddress...)
 	ret = append(ret, a.stakingAddress...)
 	ret = append(ret, a.extraData...)
-	return ret
+	return ret, nil
 }
 
 // String returns the bech32-encoded version of the address
 func (a Address) String() string {
-	data := a.Bytes()
+	data, err := a.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to get address bytes: %v", err))
+	}
 	if a.addressType == AddressTypeByron {
 		// Encode data to base58
 		encoded := base58.Encode(data)
diff --git a/ledger/common/tx.go b/ledger/common/tx.go
index 96a7fbae..5a2ff6c8 100644
--- a/ledger/common/tx.go
+++ b/ledger/common/tx.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ type TransactionOutput interface {
 	Datum() *cbor.LazyValue
 	DatumHash() *Blake2b256
 	Cbor() []byte
-	Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput
+	Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error)
 }
 
 type TransactionWitnessSet interface {
@@ -200,7 +200,10 @@ func TransactionBodyToUtxorpc(tx TransactionBody) *utxorpc.Tx {
 		txi = append(txi, input)
 	}
 	for _, o := range tx.Outputs() {
-		output := o.Utxorpc()
+		output, err := o.Utxorpc()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
 		txo = append(txo, output)
 	}
 	for _, ri := range tx.ReferenceInputs() {
diff --git a/ledger/mary/mary.go b/ledger/mary/mary.go
index 612c2b8c..9e6acedf 100644
--- a/ledger/mary/mary.go
+++ b/ledger/mary/mary.go
@@ -455,12 +455,17 @@ func (o MaryTransactionOutput) Datum() *cbor.LazyValue {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o MaryTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
-	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
-		Address: o.OutputAddress.Bytes(),
-		Coin:    o.Amount(),
-		// Assets: o.Assets,
+func (o MaryTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error) {
+	addressBytes, err := o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get address bytes: %w", err)
 	}
+	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
+			Address: addressBytes,
+			Coin:    o.Amount(),
+			// Assets: o.Assets,
+		},
+		err
 }
 
 type MaryTransactionOutputValue struct {
diff --git a/ledger/shelley/pparams_test.go b/ledger/shelley/pparams_test.go
index 2bba89f0..95808d6c 100644
--- a/ledger/shelley/pparams_test.go
+++ b/ledger/shelley/pparams_test.go
@@ -195,11 +195,20 @@ func TestShelleyTransactionOutput_Utxorpc(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Convert it to utxorpc format
-	actual := output.Utxorpc()
+	actual, err := output.Utxorpc()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Utxorpc() failed: %v", err) // Fail immediately on error
+	}
+
+	// Get expected address bytes (with error handling)
+	expectedAddressBytes, err := address.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("address.Bytes() failed: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	// expected output in utxorpc format
 	expected := &cardano.TxOutput{
-		Address: address.Bytes(),
+		Address: expectedAddressBytes,
 		Coin:    1000,
 	}
 
diff --git a/ledger/shelley/shelley.go b/ledger/shelley/shelley.go
index 9508673d..1070fc53 100644
--- a/ledger/shelley/shelley.go
+++ b/ledger/shelley/shelley.go
@@ -401,11 +401,16 @@ func (o ShelleyTransactionOutput) Datum() *cbor.LazyValue {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o ShelleyTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() *utxorpc.TxOutput {
+func (o ShelleyTransactionOutput) Utxorpc() (*utxorpc.TxOutput, error) {
+	addressBytes, err := o.OutputAddress.Bytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get address bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return &utxorpc.TxOutput{
-		Address: o.OutputAddress.Bytes(),
+		Address: addressBytes,
 		Coin:    o.Amount(),
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
 type ShelleyTransactionWitnessSet struct {