[SPARK-28388][SQL][TEST] Port select_implicit.sql

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR is to port numeric.sql from PostgreSQL regression tests. https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/select_implicit.sql

The expected results can be found in the link: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/expected/select_implicit.out

When porting the test cases, found one PostgreSQL specific features that do not exist in Spark SQL:
[SPARK-28329](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-28329): SELECT INTO syntax

## How was this patch tested?

N/A

Closes apache#25152 from wangyum/SPARK-28388.

Authored-by: Yuming Wang <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>

Author: wangyum

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/pgSQL/select_implicit.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+--
+--
+-- SELECT_IMPLICIT
+-- Test cases for queries with ordering terms missing from the target list.
+-- This used to be called "junkfilter.sql".
+-- The parser uses the term "resjunk" to handle these cases.
+-- - thomas 1998-07-09
+-- https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_BETA2/src/test/regress/sql/select_implicit.sql
+--
+
+-- load test data
+CREATE TABLE test_missing_target (a int, b int, c string, d string) using parquet;
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (0, 1, 'XXXX', 'A');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (1, 2, 'ABAB', 'b');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (2, 2, 'ABAB', 'c');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (3, 3, 'BBBB', 'D');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (4, 3, 'BBBB', 'e');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (5, 3, 'bbbb', 'F');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (6, 4, 'cccc', 'g');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (7, 4, 'cccc', 'h');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (8, 4, 'CCCC', 'I');
+INSERT INTO test_missing_target VALUES (9, 4, 'CCCC', 'j');
+
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY test_missing_target.c ORDER BY c;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT test_missing_target.b, count(*)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT c FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY a;
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b ORDER BY b desc;
+
+--   group using reference number
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY 1 desc;
+
+--   order using reference number
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1;
+
+--   group using reference number out of range
+--   failure expected
+SELECT c, count(*) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY 3;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b ORDER BY b;
+
+--   order w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a, a FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a;
+
+--   order expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	ORDER BY a/2;
+
+--   group expression w/ target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure NOT expected
+SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY a/2 ORDER BY a/2;
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b, count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT count(*) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+
+-- [SPARK-28329] SELECT INTO syntax
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+-- SELECT count(*) INTO TABLE test_missing_target2
+-- FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+-- 	WHERE x.a = y.a
+-- 	GROUP BY x.b ORDER BY x.b;
+-- SELECT * FROM test_missing_target2;
+
+
+--  Functions and expressions
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a%2, count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY test_missing_target.a%2
+ORDER BY test_missing_target.a%2;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in GROUP BY clause
+SELECT count(c) FROM test_missing_target
+GROUP BY lower(test_missing_target.c)
+ORDER BY lower(test_missing_target.c);
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing a different ORDER BY target
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(a) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a ORDER BY b;
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target and w/o existing same ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+
+--   w/ existing GROUP BY target using a relation name in target
+SELECT lower(test_missing_target.c), count(c)
+  FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY lower(c) ORDER BY lower(c);
+
+--   w/o existing GROUP BY target
+SELECT a FROM test_missing_target ORDER BY upper(d);
+
+--   w/o existing ORDER BY target
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target
+	GROUP BY (b + 1) / 2 ORDER BY (b + 1) / 2 desc;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY and ORDER BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected
+SELECT count(x.a) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY b/2 ORDER BY b/2;
+
+--   group w/ existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+SELECT x.b/2, count(x.b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   failure expected due to ambiguous b in count(b)
+SELECT count(b) FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+	WHERE x.a = y.a
+	GROUP BY x.b/2;
+
+-- [SPARK-28329] SELECT INTO syntax
+--   group w/o existing GROUP BY target under ambiguous condition
+--   into a table
+-- SELECT count(x.b) INTO TABLE test_missing_target3
+-- FROM test_missing_target x, test_missing_target y
+-- 	WHERE x.a = y.a
+-- 	GROUP BY x.b/2 ORDER BY x.b/2;
+-- SELECT * FROM test_missing_target3;
+
+--   Cleanup
+DROP TABLE test_missing_target;
+-- DROP TABLE test_missing_target2;
+-- DROP TABLE test_missing_target3;