[SPARK-28277][SQL][PYTHON][TESTS] Convert and port 'except.sql' into UDF test base

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR adds some tests converted from ```except.sql``` to test UDFs. Please see contribution guide of this umbrella ticket - [SPARK-27921](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-27921).
<details><summary>Diff comparing to 'except.sql'</summary>
<p>

```diff
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/except.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/udf/udf-except.sql.out
index c9b712d..27ca7ea 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/except.sql.out
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/udf/udf-except.sql.out
 -30,16 +30,16  struct<>

 -- !query 2
-SELECT * FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t2
+SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t2
 -- !query 2 schema
-struct<k:string,v:int>
+struct<CAST(udf(cast(k as string)) AS STRING):string,CAST(udf(cast(v as string)) AS INT):int>
 -- !query 2 output
 three  3
 two    2

 -- !query 3
-SELECT * FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where v <> 1 and v <> 2
+SELECT * FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(2)
 -- !query 3 schema
 struct<k:string,v:int>
 -- !query 3 output
 -49,7 +49,7  two   2

 -- !query 4
-SELECT * FROM t1 where v <> 1 and v <> 22 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where v <> 2 and v >= 3
+SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(22) EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 2 and v >= udf(3)
 -- !query 4 schema
 struct<k:string,v:int>
 -- !query 4 output
 -59,7 +59,7  two   2
 -- !query 5
 SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k
 EXCEPT
-SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k and t1.k != 'one'
+SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k and t1.k != udf('one')
 -- !query 5 schema
 struct<k:string,v:int>
 -- !query 5 output
 -68,7 +68,7  one   NULL

 -- !query 6
-SELECT * FROM t2 where v >= 1 and v <> 22 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1
+SELECT * FROM t2 where v >= udf(1) and udf(v) <> 22 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1
 -- !query 6 schema
 struct<k:string,v:int>
 -- !query 6 output
 -77,9 +77,9  one   5

 -- !query 7
-SELECT (SELECT min(k) FROM t2 WHERE t2.k = t1.k) min_t2 FROM t1
+SELECT (SELECT min(udf(k)) FROM t2 WHERE t2.k = t1.k) min_t2 FROM t1
 MINUS
-SELECT (SELECT min(k) FROM t2) abs_min_t2 FROM t1 WHERE  t1.k = 'one'
+SELECT (SELECT udf(min(k)) FROM t2) abs_min_t2 FROM t1 WHERE  t1.k = udf('one')
 -- !query 7 schema
 struct<min_t2:string>
 -- !query 7 output
 -90,16 +90,17  two
 -- !query 8
 SELECT t1.k
 FROM   t1
-WHERE  t1.v <= (SELECT   max(t2.v)
+WHERE  t1.v <= (SELECT   udf(max(udf(t2.v)))
                 FROM     t2
-                WHERE    t2.k = t1.k)
+                WHERE    udf(t2.k) = udf(t1.k))
 MINUS
 SELECT t1.k
 FROM   t1
-WHERE  t1.v >= (SELECT   min(t2.v)
+WHERE  udf(t1.v) >= (SELECT   min(udf(t2.v))
                 FROM     t2
                 WHERE    t2.k = t1.k)
 -- !query 8 schema
-struct<k:string>
+struct<>
 -- !query 8 output
-two
+java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
+Cannot evaluate expression: udf(cast(null as string))
```

</p>
</details>

## How was this patch tested?
Tested as guided in [SPARK-27921.](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-27921)

Closes apache#25101 from huaxingao/spark-28277.

Authored-by: Huaxin Gao <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <[email protected]>

Author: huaxingao

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/udf/udf-except.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+-- This test file was converted from except.sql.
+-- Tests different scenarios of except operation
+create temporary view t1 as select * from values
+  ("one", 1),
+  ("two", 2),
+  ("three", 3),
+  ("one", NULL)
+  as t1(k, v);
+
+create temporary view t2 as select * from values
+  ("one", 1),
+  ("two", 22),
+  ("one", 5),
+  ("one", NULL),
+  (NULL, 5)
+  as t2(k, v);
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by left anti join
+SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t2;
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by Filter: SPARK-22181
+SELECT * FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(2);
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by Filter: SPARK-22181
+SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(22) EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 2 and v >= udf(3);
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by Filter: SPARK-22181
+SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k
+EXCEPT
+SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k and t1.k != udf('one');
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by left anti join
+SELECT * FROM t2 where v >= udf(1) and udf(v) <> 22 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by left anti join
+SELECT (SELECT min(udf(k)) FROM t2 WHERE t2.k = t1.k) min_t2 FROM t1
+MINUS
+SELECT (SELECT udf(min(k)) FROM t2) abs_min_t2 FROM t1 WHERE  t1.k = udf('one');
+
+
+-- Except operation that will be replaced by left anti join
+--- [SPARK-28441] udf(max(udf(column))) throws java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Cannot evaluate expression: udf(null)
+--- SELECT t1.k
+--- FROM   t1
+--- WHERE  t1.v <= (SELECT   udf(max(udf(t2.v)))
+---                 FROM     t2
+---                 WHERE    udf(t2.k) = udf(t1.k))
+--- MINUS
+--- SELECT t1.k
+--- FROM   t1
+--- WHERE  udf(t1.v) >= (SELECT   min(udf(t2.v))
+---                 FROM     t2
+---                 WHERE    t2.k = t1.k);

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/udf/udf-except.sql.out

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+-- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
+-- Number of queries: 8
+
+
+-- !query 0
+create temporary view t1 as select * from values
+  ("one", 1),
+  ("two", 2),
+  ("three", 3),
+  ("one", NULL)
+  as t1(k, v)
+-- !query 0 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 0 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 1
+create temporary view t2 as select * from values
+  ("one", 1),
+  ("two", 22),
+  ("one", 5),
+  ("one", NULL),
+  (NULL, 5)
+  as t2(k, v)
+-- !query 1 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 1 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 2
+SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT udf(k), udf(v) FROM t2
+-- !query 2 schema
+struct<CAST(udf(cast(k as string)) AS STRING):string,CAST(udf(cast(v as string)) AS INT):int>
+-- !query 2 output
+three	3
+two	2
+
+
+-- !query 3
+SELECT * FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(2)
+-- !query 3 schema
+struct<k:string,v:int>
+-- !query 3 output
+one	1
+one	NULL
+two	2
+
+
+-- !query 4
+SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 1 and v <> udf(22) EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1 where udf(v) <> 2 and v >= udf(3)
+-- !query 4 schema
+struct<k:string,v:int>
+-- !query 4 output
+two	2
+
+
+-- !query 5
+SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k
+EXCEPT
+SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2 where t1.k = t2.k and t1.k != udf('one')
+-- !query 5 schema
+struct<k:string,v:int>
+-- !query 5 output
+one	1
+one	NULL
+
+
+-- !query 6
+SELECT * FROM t2 where v >= udf(1) and udf(v) <> 22 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM t1
+-- !query 6 schema
+struct<k:string,v:int>
+-- !query 6 output
+NULL	5
+one	5
+
+
+-- !query 7
+SELECT (SELECT min(udf(k)) FROM t2 WHERE t2.k = t1.k) min_t2 FROM t1
+MINUS
+SELECT (SELECT udf(min(k)) FROM t2) abs_min_t2 FROM t1 WHERE  t1.k = udf('one')
+-- !query 7 schema
+struct<min_t2:string>
+-- !query 7 output
+NULL
+two