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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="it">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
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<meta name="description"
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content="Capitolo 22 di Python Zero to Hero: costruisci strumenti da riga di comando con argparse, Click e Typer."/>
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<meta name="keywords"
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content="Python, CLI, linea di comando, argparse, click, typer, console script, strumenti CLI"/>
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<meta name="author" content="Luca Bocaletto"/>
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<title>Capitolo 22 – Strumenti CLI con argparse, Click &amp; Typer | Python Zero to Hero</title>
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<!-- Bootstrap 5 CSS -->
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<link
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href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
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/>
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/>
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<style>
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body { padding-top: 4.5rem; }
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pre code { font-size: .9rem; }
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.btn-py { font-family: monospace; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- Navbar -->
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<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark fixed-top">
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<div class="container">
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<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html">Python Zero to Hero</a>
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<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse"
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data-bs-target="#navContent" aria-controls="navContent"
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aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
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<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
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</button>
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<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navContent">
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<ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="chapter21.html">Capitolo 21</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="index.html">Indice</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="chapter23.html">Capitolo 23</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item">
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<a class="nav-link"
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href="https://github.com/bocaletto-luca/python-zero-to-hero"
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target="_blank">Repo GitHub</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<!-- Contenuto principale -->
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<main class="container">
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<header class="my-4">
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<h1 class="display-6">Capitolo 22: Strumenti CLI con argparse, Click &amp; Typer</h1>
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<p class="text-muted">
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Impara a creare potenti interfacce da riga di comando usando la libreria standard e framework popolari.
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</p>
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<a href="src/chapter22.py" download class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-sm btn-py">
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Scarica <code>chapter22.py</code>
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</a>
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<hr>
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</header>
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<section id="objectives" class="mb-5">
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<h2>Obiettivi</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Usare <code>argparse</code> per analizzare argomenti e opzioni.</li>
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<li>Creare comandi e sottocomandi con <code>Click</code>.</li>
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<li>Sfruttare <code>Typer</code> e type hint per costruire CLI.</li>
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<li>Pacchettizzare lo strumento come script console.</li>
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<li>Gestire validazione, messaggi di aiuto ed errori.</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="argparse" class="mb-5">
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<h2>1. Nozioni di base su argparse</h2>
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<pre><code class="python">import argparse
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def main():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Saluta un utente.")
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parser.add_argument("name", help="Nome dell'utente")
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parser.add_argument("-t", "--times", type=int, default=1,
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help="Numero di saluti")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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for _ in range(args.times):
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print(f"Hello, {args.name}!")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()</code></pre>
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<p>Esegui: <code>python chapter22.py Alice -t 3</code></p>
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</section>
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<section id="click" class="mb-5">
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<h2>2. Libreria Click</h2>
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<pre><code class="python">import click
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@click.command()
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@click.argument("name")
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@click.option("--times", default=1, help="Numero di saluti")
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def cli(name, times):
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"""Saluta un utente più volte."""
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for _ in range(times):
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click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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cli()</code></pre>
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<p>Installa: <code>pip install click</code>. Esegui: <code>python chapter22.py Bob --times 2</code></p>
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</section>
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<section id="typer" class="mb-5">
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<h2>3. Typer & Type Hints</h2>
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<pre><code class="python">import typer
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app = typer.Typer()
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@app.command()
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def greet(name: str, times: int = 1):
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"""Saluta un utente più volte."""
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for _ in range(times):
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typer.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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app()</code></pre>
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<p>Installa: <code>pip install typer[all]</code>. Esegui: <code>python chapter22.py greet Carol --times 3</code></p>
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</section>
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<section id="packaging" class="mb-5">
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<h2>4. Pacchettizzare come Script Console</h2>
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<p>Aggiungi in <code>setup.py</code> o <code>pyproject.toml</code>:</p>
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<pre><code class="toml">[project.scripts]
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mycli = "mypackage.cli:app"</code></pre>
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<p>Dopo l’installazione:<code>mycli --help</code></p>
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</section>
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<section id="exercises" class="mb-5">
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<h2>Esercizi</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Estendi l’esempio con <code>argparse</code> aggiungendo il flag <code>--uppercase</code>.</li>
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<li>Crea un gruppo di comandi Click con due sottocomandi: <code>greet</code> e <code>farewell</code>.</li>
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<li>Costruisci un’app Typer con comandi per aggiungere/listare/rimuovere elementi da una to-do list in memoria.</li>
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<li>Pacchettizza l’app Typer e installala localmente come <code>todo-cli</code>.</li>
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</ol>
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</section>
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<nav class="d-flex justify-content-between mb-5">
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<a href="chapter21.html" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">&larr; Capitolo 21</a>
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<a href="chapter23.html" class="btn btn-primary">Capitolo 23 &rarr;</a>
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</nav>
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</main>
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<footer class="text-center py-4 border-top">
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<small>
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© 2025 Python Zero to Hero •
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<a href="https://github.com/bocaletto-luca/python-zero-to-hero" target="_blank">
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