fix inconsistent choice of init list constructor

On some compilers value{x} invokes initializer_list constructor, on
others it is equivalent to value(x). This is very problematic, but this
isn't something we can fix. On the other hand, we CAN make init list
construction to be equivalent to value(x), if the size of init list is
one. This commit does exactly that.

Author: grisumbras

include/boost/json/impl/value.ipp

@@ -231,13 +231,28 @@ value(
     storage_ptr sp)
 {
     if(value_ref::maybe_object(init))
+    {
         ::new(&obj_) object(
             value_ref::make_object(
                 init, std::move(sp)));
+    }
     else
-        ::new(&arr_) array(
-            value_ref::make_array(
-                init, std::move(sp)));
+    {
+#ifndef BOOST_JSON_LEGACY_INIT_LIST_BEHAVIOR
+        if( init.size() == 1 )
+        {
+            ::new(&sca_) scalar();
+            value temp = init.begin()->make_value( std::move(sp) );
+            swap(temp);
+        }
+        else
+#endif
+        {
+            ::new(&arr_) array(
+                value_ref::make_array(
+                    init, std::move(sp)));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 //----------------------------------------------------------

include/boost/json/value.hpp

@@ -1014,11 +1014,16 @@ class value
 
     /** Construct from an initializer-list
 
-        If the initializer list consists of key/value
-        pairs, an @ref object is created. Otherwise
-        an @ref array is created. The contents of the
-        initializer list are copied to the newly constructed
-        value using the specified memory resource.
+        @li If the initializer list consists of key/value
+        pairs, an @ref object is created; otherwise,
+
+        @li if the size of the initializer list is exactly 1, the object is
+        constructed directly from that sole element; otherwise,
+
+        @li an @ref array is created.
+
+        The contents of the initializer list are copied to the newly
+        constructed value using the specified memory resource.
 
         @par Complexity
         Linear in `init.size()`.
@@ -1032,6 +1037,20 @@ class value
         @param sp A pointer to the @ref memory_resource
         to use. The container will acquire shared
         ownership of the memory resource.
+
+        @par Note
+        The previous behavior of this constructor was to always
+        construct either an @ref object or an @ref array. In practice though,
+        several C++ implementations did not treat `value{x}` as a constructor
+        from initializer list. This effectively resulted in different behavior
+        on different implementations. <br>
+
+        If you need the legacy behavior define macro
+        `BOOST_JSON_LEGACY_INIT_LIST_BEHAVIOR` when you are building the
+        library. The macro and the functionality will be deprecated in the
+        future and then removed, so we urge you to change your code for the new
+        behavior as soon as possible. The simplest way to create an @ref array
+        with 1 element using an initializer list is via `array{x}`.
     */
     BOOST_JSON_DECL
     value(

test/value.cpp

@@ -2131,6 +2131,17 @@ class value_test
     void
     testInitList()
     {
+        {
+            value jv{};
+            BOOST_TEST( jv.is_null() );
+        }
+#ifndef BOOST_JSON_LEGACY_INIT_LIST_BEHAVIOR
+        {
+            value jv{0};
+            BOOST_TEST( jv == 0 );
+        }
+#endif
+
         check_array(value{0,0,0},               0, 0, 0);
         check_array(value{false,false,false},   false, false, false);
         check_array(value{false,2,false},       false, 2, false);