Tutorial 10

Author: breezy-codes

_toc.yml

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ parts:
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial7
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial8
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial9
+        - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial10
 
       - file: cisco/handy-tips/index
         title: Packet Tracer Handy Tips

cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial10.md

@@ -1 +1,272 @@
-# 10 - Networks with Multiple Routers with RIP Routing
+# 10 - Configuring Static Routing in Cisco Packet Tracer
+
+This tutorial is the tenth in our Cisco Packet Tracer series and focuses on **static routing**, a foundational technique for routing traffic between networks. Unlike RIP, where routers exchange routing tables automatically, static routes must be manually defined on each router, giving you full control over path selection.
+
+We'll use the same three-router topology from the previous tutorial, manually configure IP addresses, and add static routes to ensure full connectivity between all PCs.
+
+---
+
+## Part 1 – Network Topology Overview
+
+This setup mirrors the RIP tutorial:
+
+* **Three routers (R1, R2, R3)** connected linearly
+* **Three switches (S1, S2, S3)** – one per router
+* **Two PCs per switch** (6 total PCs)
+
+The goal is to enable all PCs to communicate through **manually configured static routes**.
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig1.png)
+
+---
+
+## Part 2 – Device Placement and Cabling
+
+### Step 2.1 – Add Devices to the Workspace
+
+Add:
+
+* **3 Routers** (Router-PT-Empty)
+* **3 Switches** (2960)
+* **6 PCs**
+
+Label:
+
+* Routers: **R0**, **R1**, **R2**
+* Switches: **S0**, **S1**, **S2**
+* PCs: **PC0–PC5**
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig5.png)
+
+### Step 2.2 – Add Network Modules to Routers
+
+For this topology, use **Router-PT-Empty** devices. Each router needs **two Serial** and **two FastEthernet** interfaces to support all required connections.
+
+```{admonition} Note
+:class: note
+We will only be using one serial and one FastEthernet interface per router for this tutorial, but the additional interfaces will allow for future expansion in subequent tutorials.
+```
+
+Follow these steps for **R0**, **R1**, and **R2**:
+
+1. Click the router to open its configuration window.
+2. Go to the **Physical** tab.
+3. Click the **power button** to turn off the router (the green light will go out).
+   ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig1.png)
+4. In the module area, locate **PT-ROUTER-NM-1S** (Serial Port) and **PT-ROUTER-NM-1CFE** (FastEthernet).
+5. Drag and insert **two** PT-ROUTER-NM-1S modules into the first two empty slots (from right to left).
+   ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig2.png)
+6. Drag and insert **two** PT-ROUTER-NM-1CFE modules into the next two empty slots.
+   ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig3.png)
+7. Click the **power button** again to turn the router back on.
+   ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig4.png)
+
+### Step 2.3 – Cabling
+
+#### **Copper Straight-Through**
+
+| From | To | Port/Interface |
+| ---- | -- | -------------- |
+| PC0  | S1 | fa0/1          |
+| PC1  | S1 | fa0/2          |
+| S1   | R0 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
+| PC2  | S2 | fa0/1          |
+| PC3  | S2 | fa0/2          |
+| S2   | R1 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
+| PC4  | S3 | fa0/1          |
+| PC5  | S3 | fa0/2          |
+| S3   | R2 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
+
+#### **Serial DTE Connections**
+
+| From | To | Port/Interface |
+| ---- | -- | -------------- |
+| R0   | R1 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0  |
+| R1   | R2 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0  |
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig6.png)
+
+---
+
+## Part 3 – IP Addressing Scheme
+
+Same IP scheme as the RIP tutorial.
+
+### Subnet Allocation
+
+| Subnet         | Devices      | Subnet Mask   |
+| -------------- | ------------ | ------------- |
+| 192.168.1.0/24 | PC0, PC1, R0 | 255.255.255.0 |
+| 192.168.2.0/24 | PC2, PC3, R1 | 255.255.255.0 |
+| 192.168.3.0/24 | PC4, PC5, R2 | 255.255.255.0 |
+| 10.0.0.0/30    | R0 ↔ R1      | 255.0.0.0     |
+| 11.0.0.0/30    | R1 ↔ R2      | 255.0.0.0     |
+
+### Step 3.1 – Assign IPs to PCs
+
+| PC  | IP Address   | Subnet Mask   | Default Gateway |
+| --- | ------------ | ------------- | --------------- |
+| PC0 | 192.168.1.10 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.1     |
+| PC1 | 192.168.1.11 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.1     |
+| PC2 | 192.168.2.12 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.2.1     |
+| PC3 | 192.168.2.13 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.2.1     |
+| PC4 | 192.168.3.14 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.3.1     |
+| PC5 | 192.168.3.15 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.3.1     |
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig7.png)
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig8.png)
+
+---
+
+## Part 4 – Router Configuration
+
+Here, we manually add static routes to each router.
+
+```{admonition} Note
+:class: note
+Here the static routing configuration is done manually. For example in R0, we add routes to R1 and R2 via the lines - 
+
+    ```bash
+    ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
+    ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
+    ```
+
+This means that R0 will know how to reach the networks of R1 and R2 through the serial link to R1 (10.0.0.2).
+
+```
+
+### Step 4.1 – R0 Configuration
+
+```bash
+enable
+configure terminal
+hostname R0
+
+interface fa2/0
+ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+interface se0/0
+ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
+clock rate 64000
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
+ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
+exit
+
+write memory
+exit
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig2.png)
+
+### Step 4.2 – R1 Configuration
+
+```bash
+enable
+configure terminal
+hostname R1
+
+interface fa2/0
+ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+interface se1/0
+ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+interface se0/0
+ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
+clock rate 64000
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
+ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2
+exit
+
+write memory
+exit
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig3.png)
+
+### Step 4.3 – R2 Configuration
+
+```bash
+enable
+configure terminal
+hostname R2
+
+interface fa2/0
+ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+interface se1/0
+ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
+no shutdown
+exit
+
+ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
+ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
+exit
+
+write memory
+exit
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig4.png)
+
+---
+
+## Part 5 – Verification and Testing
+
+### Step 5.1 – Routing Table Check
+
+```bash
+show ip route
+```
+
+You should see **static routes (`S`)** to remote networks.
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig5.png)
+
+### Step 5.2 – Test Connectivity
+
+From **PC0**, test:
+
+```bash
+ping 192.168.1.11
+ping 192.168.2.12
+ping 192.168.3.14
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig6.png)
+
+From **PC3**, test:
+
+```bash
+ping 192.168.3.14
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig7.png)
+
+Repeat between any pair of PCs.
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+In this tutorial, you:
+
+* Reused a three-router, three-switch network
+* Assigned IPs to all devices
+* Manually configured static routes
+* Verified end-to-end connectivity with `ping`

cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial9.md

@@ -172,6 +172,9 @@ version 1
 network 192.168.1.0
 network 10.0.0.0
 exit
+
+write memory
+exit
 ```
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig9.png)
@@ -205,6 +208,9 @@ network 192.168.2.0
 network 10.0.0.0
 network 11.0.0.0
 exit
+
+write memory
+exit
 ```
 
 ### Step 4.3 – R2 Configuration
@@ -229,6 +235,9 @@ version 1
 network 192.168.3.0
 network 11.0.0.0
 exit
+
+write memory
+exit
 ```
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig10.png)
@@ -253,6 +262,16 @@ You should see RIP routes (`R`) to all remote networks.
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig11.png)
 
+You can specifically specify this by running:
+
+```bash
+show ip route R
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig15.png)
+
+This command will filter the routing table to show only RIP routes, making it easier to verify that all networks are reachable.
+
 ### Step 5.2 – Test Connectivity
 
 From **PC0**, run: