Tutorial 11

Author: breezy-codes

_toc.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ parts:
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial8
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial9
         - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial10
+        - file: cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial11
 
       - file: cisco/handy-tips/index
         title: Packet Tracer Handy Tips

cisco/tutorial-series/tutorial10.md

@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-# 10 - Configuring Static Routing in Cisco Packet Tracer
+# 9 - Configuring RIP Routing in Cisco Packet Tracer
 
-This tutorial is the tenth in our Cisco Packet Tracer series and focuses on **static routing**, a foundational technique for routing traffic between networks. Unlike RIP, where routers exchange routing tables automatically, static routes must be manually defined on each router, giving you full control over path selection.
+This tutorial is the ninth in our Cisco Packet Tracer series and introduces **dynamic routing** using the **Routing Information Protocol (RIP)**. Unlike static routes, RIP enables routers to exchange routing information automatically, making it easier to scale and manage networks with multiple paths.
 
 We'll use the same three-router topology from the previous tutorial, manually configure IP addresses, and add static routes to ensure full connectivity between all PCs.
 
 ---
 
 ## Part 1 – Network Topology Overview
 
-This setup mirrors the RIP tutorial:
+This network includes:
 
-* **Three routers (R1, R2, R3)** connected linearly
+* **Three routers (R1, R2, R3)** connected in a linear series
 * **Three switches (S1, S2, S3)** – one per router
 * **Two PCs per switch** (6 total PCs)
 
-The goal is to enable all PCs to communicate through **manually configured static routes**.
+The goal is to enable all PCs to communicate through RIP-configured routers.
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig1.png)
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig14.png)
 
 ---
 
 ## Part 2 – Device Placement and Cabling
 
 ### Step 2.1 – Add Devices to the Workspace
 
-Add:
+From **Network Devices** and **End Devices**, place:
 
 * **3 Routers** (Router-PT-Empty)
 * **3 Switches** (2960)
 * **6 PCs**
 
-Label:
+Label the devices:
 
 * Routers: **R0**, **R1**, **R2**
 * Switches: **S0**, **S1**, **S2**
@@ -61,80 +61,106 @@ Follow these steps for **R0**, **R1**, and **R2**:
 7. Click the **power button** again to turn the router back on.
    ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig4.png)
 
-### Step 2.3 – Cabling
+### Step 2.2 – Cabling
 
-#### **Copper Straight-Through**
+Now we will connect the devices using appropriate cables:
 
-| From | To | Port/Interface |
-| ---- | -- | -------------- |
-| PC0  | S1 | fa0/1          |
-| PC1  | S1 | fa0/2          |
-| S1   | R0 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
-| PC2  | S2 | fa0/1          |
-| PC3  | S2 | fa0/2          |
-| S2   | R1 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
-| PC4  | S3 | fa0/1          |
-| PC5  | S3 | fa0/2          |
-| S3   | R2 | fa0/24 → fa2/0 |
+```{admonition} Note
+:class: note
+For clarity and future expansion, I recommend connecting the switch to the router using the last available port on the switch (for example, fa0/24). This keeps the lower-numbered ports free for connecting PCs and other end devices.
+```
+
+#### **Copper Straight-Through Connections**
+
+| From   | To   | Port/Interface         |
+|--------|------|------------------------|
+| PC0    | S1   | fa0/1                  |
+| PC1    | S1   | fa0/2                  |
+| S1     | R0   | fa0/24 → fa2/0         |
+| PC2    | S2   | fa0/1                  |
+| PC3    | S2   | fa0/2                  |
+| S2     | R1   | fa0/24 → fa2/0         |
+| PC4    | S3   | fa0/1                  |
+| PC5    | S3   | fa0/2                  |
+| S3     | R2   | fa0/24 → fa2/0         |
 
 #### **Serial DTE Connections**
 
-| From | To | Port/Interface |
-| ---- | -- | -------------- |
-| R0   | R1 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0  |
-| R1   | R2 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0  |
+| From | To | Port/Interface    |
+|------|----|-------------------|
+| R0   | R1 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0     |
+| R1   | R2 | se0/0 ↔ se1/0     |
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig6.png)
 
 ---
 
 ## Part 3 – IP Addressing Scheme
 
-Same IP scheme as the RIP tutorial.
+Now we will assign IP addresses to all devices, ensuring they can communicate across the network.
 
 ### Subnet Allocation
 
-| Subnet         | Devices      | Subnet Mask   |
-| -------------- | ------------ | ------------- |
-| 192.168.1.0/24 | PC0, PC1, R0 | 255.255.255.0 |
-| 192.168.2.0/24 | PC2, PC3, R1 | 255.255.255.0 |
-| 192.168.3.0/24 | PC4, PC5, R2 | 255.255.255.0 |
-| 10.0.0.0/30    | R0 ↔ R1      | 255.0.0.0     |
-| 11.0.0.0/30    | R1 ↔ R2      | 255.0.0.0     |
+For this tutorial, we will use the following subnets:
+
+| Subnet         | Devices      | Subnet Mask     |
+| -------------- | ------------ | --------------- |
+| 192.168.1.0/24 | PC0, PC1, R0 | 255.255.255.0   |
+| 192.168.2.0/24 | PC2, PC3, R1 | 255.255.255.0   |
+| 192.168.3.0/24 | PC4, PC5, R2 | 255.255.255.0   |
+| 10.0.0.0/30    | R0 ↔ R1      | 255.0.0.0 |
+| 11.0.0.0/30    | R1 ↔ R2      | 255.0.0.0 |
 
 ### Step 3.1 – Assign IPs to PCs
 
-| PC  | IP Address   | Subnet Mask   | Default Gateway |
-| --- | ------------ | ------------- | --------------- |
-| PC0 | 192.168.1.10 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.1     |
-| PC1 | 192.168.1.11 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.1.1     |
-| PC2 | 192.168.2.12 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.2.1     |
-| PC3 | 192.168.2.13 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.2.1     |
-| PC4 | 192.168.3.14 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.3.1     |
-| PC5 | 192.168.3.15 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.3.1     |
+Go to **Desktop > IP Configuration** on each PC:
+
+| PC   | IP Address      | Subnet Mask     | Default Gateway   |
+|------|-----------------|-----------------|-------------------|
+| PC0  | 192.168.1.10    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.1.1       |
+| PC1  | 192.168.1.11    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.1.1       |
+| PC2  | 192.168.2.12    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.2.1       |
+| PC3  | 192.168.2.13    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.2.1       |
+| PC4  | 192.168.3.14    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.3.1       |
+| PC5  | 192.168.3.15    | 255.255.255.0   | 192.168.3.1       |
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig7.png)
 
 ![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig8.png)
 
+```{admonition} Important
+:class: important
+Make a save of your Packet Tracer file now before you start configuring the router, we will be using this same set up in the next few tutorials as we explore different routing protocols.
+```
+
 ---
 
 ## Part 4 – Router Configuration
 
-Here, we manually add static routes to each router.
+Each router in this network handles two types of connections:
+
+- LAN-side via FastEthernet2/0, connected to a local switch
+- WAN-side via Serial interfaces, connected to neighbouring routers
+- All routers will be configured with RIP version 1 for dynamic routing
 
 ```{admonition} Note
 :class: note
-Here the static routing configuration is done manually. For example in R0, we add routes to R1 and R2 via the lines - 
+The RIP routing configuration is performed using the following commands:
 
-- `ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2`
-- `ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2`
+- `router rip` enters RIP configuration mode.
+- `version 1` specifies the use of RIP version 1.
+- `network 192.168.1.0` and `network 10.0.0.0` tell the router to advertise and listen for RIP updates on interfaces belonging to these networks.
 
-This means that R0 will know how to reach the networks of R1 and R2 through the serial link to R1 (10.0.0.2).
+This enables the router to automatically share and learn routes for the specified networks with other RIP-enabled routers, eliminating the need for manual static routes.
 ```
 
 ### Step 4.1 – R0 Configuration
 
+```{admonition} Tip
+:class: tip
+The shorthand for `configure terminal` is `conf t`, which can save time when entering commands.
+```
+
 ```bash
 enable
 configure terminal
@@ -151,15 +177,17 @@ clock rate 64000
 no shutdown
 exit
 
-ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
-ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
+router rip
+version 1
+network 192.168.1.0
+network 10.0.0.0
 exit
 
 write memory
 exit
 ```
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig2.png)
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig9.png)
 
 ### Step 4.2 – R1 Configuration
 
@@ -184,16 +212,17 @@ clock rate 64000
 no shutdown
 exit
 
-ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
-ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.2
+router rip
+version 1
+network 192.168.2.0
+network 10.0.0.0
+network 11.0.0.0
 exit
 
 write memory
 exit
 ```
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig3.png)
-
 ### Step 4.3 – R2 Configuration
 
 ```bash
@@ -211,59 +240,77 @@ ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
 no shutdown
 exit
 
-ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
-ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.0.0.1
+router rip
+version 1
+network 192.168.3.0
+network 11.0.0.0
 exit
 
 write memory
 exit
 ```
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig4.png)
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig10.png)
 
 ---
 
 ## Part 5 – Verification and Testing
 
-### Step 5.1 – Routing Table Check
+So now your network should be fully configured with RIP routing. The next step is to verify that all devices can communicate across the network.
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig14.png)
+
+### Step 5.1 – Check Routing Tables
+
+Run on each router:
 
 ```bash
 show ip route
 ```
 
-You should see **static routes (`S`)** to remote networks.
+You should see RIP routes (`R`) to all remote networks.
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig11.png)
+
+You can specifically specify this by running:
+
+```bash
+show ip route R
+```
+
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig15.png)
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig5.png)
+This command will filter the routing table to show only RIP routes, making it easier to verify that all networks are reachable.
 
 ### Step 5.2 – Test Connectivity
 
-From **PC0**, test:
+From **PC0**, run:
 
 ```bash
 ping 192.168.1.11
 ping 192.168.2.12
 ping 192.168.3.14
 ```
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig6.png)
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig12.png)
 
-From **PC3**, test:
+From **PC3**, ping **PC4**:
 
 ```bash
 ping 192.168.3.14
 ```
 
-![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-10/fig7.png)
+![Figure](../../img/cisco-tutorials/tutorial-9/fig13.png)
 
-Repeat between any pair of PCs.
+Repeat pings between any devices across networks.
 
 ---
 
 ## Summary
 
 In this tutorial, you:
 
-* Reused a three-router, three-switch network
-* Assigned IPs to all devices
-* Manually configured static routes
-* Verified end-to-end connectivity with `ping`
+* Built a three-router, three-switch network with six PCs
+* Assigned IPs and default gateways to all devices
+* Configured RIP v1 on each router
+* Verified full network reachability using dynamic routing