diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 68e6847a..aa3cea62 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ## 4.1.0
 
 - [567](https://github.com/bvaughn/react-resizable-panels/pull/567): `useDefaultLayout` hook supports saving and restoring multiple Panel layouts
+- [568](https://github.com/bvaughn/react-resizable-panels/pull/568): Fix race in `useGroupRef` and `usePanelRef` hooks
 
 ## 4.0.16
 
diff --git a/integrations/vite/src/routes/Decoder.tsx b/integrations/vite/src/routes/Decoder.tsx
index 0d5feb99..c8ed9791 100644
--- a/integrations/vite/src/routes/Decoder.tsx
+++ b/integrations/vite/src/routes/Decoder.tsx
@@ -1,16 +1,66 @@
-import { useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { assert, Box } from "react-lib-tools";
-import type { Layout, PanelSize } from "react-resizable-panels";
-import { useParams } from "react-router";
+import {
+  useGroupCallbackRef,
+  useGroupRef,
+  usePanelCallbackRef,
+  usePanelRef,
+  type Layout,
+  type PanelSize
+} from "react-resizable-panels";
+import { useParams, useSearchParams } from "react-router";
 import { decode } from "../../tests/utils/serializer/decode";
 import { DebugData } from "../components/DebugData";
 
 export function Decoder() {
   const { encoded } = useParams();
+  const [searchParams] = useSearchParams();
+
+  const [group, setGroup] = useGroupCallbackRef();
+  const groupRef = useGroupRef();
+  const groupRefProp = searchParams.has("useGroupCallbackRef")
+    ? setGroup
+    : searchParams.has("useGroupRef")
+      ? groupRef
+      : undefined;
+
+  const [panel, setPanel] = usePanelCallbackRef();
+  const panelRef = usePanelRef();
+  const panelRefProp = searchParams.has("usePanelCallbackRef")
+    ? setPanel
+    : searchParams.has("usePanelRef")
+      ? panelRef
+      : undefined;
+
+  const stableCallbacksRef = useRef<{
+    readGroupLayout: () => void;
+    readPanelSize: () => void;
+  }>({
+    readGroupLayout: () => {},
+    readPanelSize: () => {}
+  });
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    stableCallbacksRef.current.readGroupLayout = () => {
+      const imperativeGroupApiLayout =
+        group?.getLayout() ?? groupRef.current?.getLayout();
+      if (imperativeGroupApiLayout) {
+        setState((prevState) => ({ ...prevState, imperativeGroupApiLayout }));
+      }
+    };
+    stableCallbacksRef.current.readPanelSize = () => {
+      const imperativePanelApiSize =
+        panel?.getSize() ?? panelRef.current?.getSize();
+      if (imperativePanelApiSize) {
+        setState((prevState) => ({ ...prevState, imperativePanelApiSize }));
+      }
+    };
+  });
 
   const [state, setState] = useState<{
-    onLayoutCount: number;
+    imperativeGroupApiLayout: Layout | undefined;
+    imperativePanelApiSize: PanelSize | undefined;
     layout: Layout;
+    onLayoutCount: number;
     panels: {
       [id: number | string]: {
         onResizeCount: number;
@@ -18,6 +68,8 @@ export function Decoder() {
       };
     };
   }>({
+    imperativeGroupApiLayout: undefined,
+    imperativePanelApiSize: undefined,
     layout: {},
     onLayoutCount: 0,
     panels: {}
@@ -30,7 +82,12 @@ export function Decoder() {
 
     const group = decode(encoded, {
       groupProps: {
+        groupRef: groupRefProp,
         onLayoutChange: (layout) => {
+          setTimeout(() => {
+            stableCallbacksRef.current.readGroupLayout();
+          }, 0);
+
           setState((prev) => ({
             ...prev,
             onLayoutCount: prev.onLayoutCount + 1,
@@ -39,9 +96,14 @@ export function Decoder() {
         }
       },
       panelProps: {
+        panelRef: panelRefProp,
         onResize: (panelSize, id) => {
           assert(id, "Panel id required");
 
+          setTimeout(() => {
+            stableCallbacksRef.current.readPanelSize();
+          }, 0);
+
           setState((prev) => ({
             ...prev,
             panels: {
@@ -57,7 +119,7 @@ export function Decoder() {
     });
 
     return group;
-  }, [encoded]);
+  }, [encoded, groupRefProp, panelRefProp]);
 
   // Debugging
   // console.group("Decoder");
@@ -69,6 +131,20 @@ export function Decoder() {
     <Box direction="column" gap={2}>
       <div>{children}</div>
       <Box className="p-2 overflow-auto" direction="row" gap={2} wrap>
+        {groupRefProp && (
+          <DebugData
+            data={{
+              imperativeGroupApiLayout: state.imperativeGroupApiLayout
+            }}
+          />
+        )}{" "}
+        {panelRefProp && (
+          <DebugData
+            data={{
+              imperativePanelApiSize: state.imperativePanelApiSize
+            }}
+          />
+        )}
         <DebugData
           data={{
             layout: state.layout,
diff --git a/integrations/vite/tests/imperative-api-hooks.spec.tsx b/integrations/vite/tests/imperative-api-hooks.spec.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2906646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integrations/vite/tests/imperative-api-hooks.spec.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
+import { Group, Panel, Separator } from "react-resizable-panels";
+import { goToUrl } from "./utils/goToUrl";
+
+// High level tests; more nuanced scenarios are covered by unit tests
+test.describe("imperative API hooks", () => {
+  for (const usePopUpWindow of [true, false]) {
+    test.describe(usePopUpWindow ? "in a popup" : "in the main window", () => {
+      for (const { useGroupCallbackRef, useGroupRef } of [
+        { useGroupRef: true },
+        { useGroupCallbackRef: true }
+      ]) {
+        test(
+          useGroupCallbackRef ? "useGroupCallbackRef" : "useGroupRef",
+          async ({ page: mainPage }) => {
+            await goToUrl(
+              mainPage,
+              <Group>
+                <Panel id="left" defaultSize="30" />
+                <Separator />
+                <Panel id="right" />
+              </Group>,
+              { usePopUpWindow, useGroupCallbackRef, useGroupRef }
+            );
+
+            await expect(
+              mainPage.getByText("imperativeGroupApiLayout")
+            ).toContainText('"left": 30');
+          }
+        );
+      }
+
+      for (const { usePanelCallbackRef, usePanelRef } of [
+        { usePanelRef: true },
+        { usePanelCallbackRef: true }
+      ]) {
+        test(
+          usePanelCallbackRef ? "usePanelCallbackRef" : "usePanelRef",
+          async ({ page: mainPage }) => {
+            await goToUrl(
+              mainPage,
+              <Group>
+                <Panel id="left" defaultSize="30" />
+                <Separator />
+                <Panel id="right" />
+              </Group>,
+              { usePopUpWindow, usePanelCallbackRef, usePanelRef }
+            );
+
+            await expect(
+              mainPage.getByText("imperativePanelApiSize")
+            ).toContainText('"asPercentage": 70');
+          }
+        );
+      }
+    });
+  }
+});
diff --git a/integrations/vite/tests/utils/goToUrl.ts b/integrations/vite/tests/utils/goToUrl.ts
index c1e5f3b1..ceb641cd 100644
--- a/integrations/vite/tests/utils/goToUrl.ts
+++ b/integrations/vite/tests/utils/goToUrl.ts
@@ -7,10 +7,20 @@ export async function goToUrl(
   page: Page,
   elementProp: ReactElement<unknown>,
   config: {
+    useGroupCallbackRef?: boolean | undefined;
+    useGroupRef?: boolean | undefined;
+    usePanelCallbackRef?: boolean | undefined;
+    usePanelRef?: boolean | undefined;
     usePopUpWindow?: boolean | undefined;
   } = {}
 ): Promise<Page> {
-  const { usePopUpWindow = false } = config;
+  const {
+    useGroupCallbackRef = false,
+    useGroupRef = false,
+    usePanelCallbackRef = false,
+    usePanelRef = false,
+    usePopUpWindow = false
+  } = config;
 
   let element = elementProp;
   let encodedString = "";
@@ -25,7 +35,18 @@ export async function goToUrl(
     encodedString = encode(element);
   }
 
-  const url = new URL(`http://localhost:3012/e2e/decoder/${encodedString}`);
+  const queryParams = [
+    useGroupCallbackRef ? "useGroupCallbackRef" : undefined,
+    useGroupRef ? "useGroupRef" : undefined,
+    usePanelCallbackRef ? "usePanelCallbackRef" : undefined,
+    usePanelRef ? "usePanelRef" : undefined
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join("&");
+
+  const url = new URL(
+    `http://localhost:3012/e2e/decoder/${encodedString}?${queryParams}`
+  );
 
   // Uncomment when testing for easier repro
   console.log("\n\n" + url.toString());
diff --git a/lib/components/group/Group.tsx b/lib/components/group/Group.tsx
index d7001b23..468122b5 100644
--- a/lib/components/group/Group.tsx
+++ b/lib/components/group/Group.tsx
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export function Group({
   defaultLayout,
   disableCursor,
   disabled,
-  elementRef,
+  elementRef: elementRefProp,
   groupRef,
   id: idProp,
   onLayoutChange: onLayoutChangeUnstable,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ export function Group({
   const id = useId(idProp);
 
   const [dragActive, setDragActive] = useState(false);
-  const [element, setElement] = useState<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const elementRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
   const [layout, setLayout] = useState<Layout>(defaultLayout ?? {});
   const [panels, setPanels] = useState<RegisteredPanel[]>([]);
   const [separators, setSeparators] = useState<RegisteredSeparator[]>([]);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export function Group({
     layouts: {}
   });
 
-  const mergedRef = useMergedRefs(setElement, elementRef);
+  const mergedRef = useMergedRefs(elementRef, elementRefProp);
 
   useGroupImperativeHandle(id, groupRef);
 
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ export function Group({
   // Register Group and child Panels/Separators with global state
   // Listen to global state for drag state related to this Group
   useIsomorphicLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const element = elementRef.current;
     if (element === null) {
       return;
     }
@@ -195,7 +196,6 @@ export function Group({
     };
   }, [
     disabled,
-    element,
     id,
     onLayoutChangeStable,
     orientation,
diff --git a/lib/components/panel/Panel.tsx b/lib/components/panel/Panel.tsx
index aa8e814b..5b32a10a 100644
--- a/lib/components/panel/Panel.tsx
+++ b/lib/components/panel/Panel.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 "use client";
 
 import type { Property } from "csstype";
-import { useState, type CSSProperties } from "react";
+import { useRef, type CSSProperties } from "react";
 import { useId } from "../../hooks/useId";
 import { useIsomorphicLayoutEffect } from "../../hooks/useIsomorphicLayoutEffect";
 import { useMergedRefs } from "../../hooks/useMergedRefs";
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export function Panel({
   collapsedSize = "0%",
   collapsible = false,
   defaultSize,
-  elementRef,
+  elementRef: elementRefProp,
   id: idProp,
   maxSize = "100%",
   minSize = "0%",
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ export function Panel({
 
   const id = useId(idProp);
 
-  const [element, setElement] = useState<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const elementRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
 
-  const mergedRef = useMergedRefs(setElement, elementRef);
+  const mergedRef = useMergedRefs(elementRef, elementRefProp);
 
   const { id: groupId, registerPanel } = useGroupContext();
 
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ export function Panel({
 
   // Register Panel with parent Group
   useIsomorphicLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const element = elementRef.current;
     if (element !== null) {
       return registerPanel({
         element,
@@ -87,7 +88,6 @@ export function Panel({
     collapsedSize,
     collapsible,
     defaultSize,
-    element,
     hasOnResize,
     id,
     idIsStable,