Merge pull request #574 from bytebase/o-branch-16

docs: add mysql error 1044 reference

Author: OP3ratordec

content/reference/mysql/error/1044-access-denied-for-user-to-database.md

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+---
+title: 'How to fix ERROR 1044: Access denied for user to database'
+---
+
+## Error Message
+
+When encountering MySQL Error 1044, you'll see a message similar to:
+
+```sql
+ERROR 1044: Access denied for user 'username'@'hostname' to database 'database_name'
+```
+
+## What It Means
+
+This error occurs when a MySQL user attempts to access a database but lacks the necessary privileges.
+
+The error indicates that while the user can successfully authenticate with the MySQL server, they don't have permission to use the specified database.
+
+## Common Causes
+
+1. **Missing GRANT permissions**: The user hasn't been granted access to the database
+2. **Incorrect hostname**: The user is connecting from an unauthorized host
+3. **Database doesn't exist**: Attempting to access a non-existent database (also shows as an access denied error)
+4. **Case sensitivity issues**: Database name case mismatch in MySQL on case-sensitive file systems
+5. **Authentication plugin conflicts**: Incompatibility between the client and server authentication methods
+
+## How to Fix
+
+### Solution 1: Grant Database Access Privileges
+
+If you have administrative privileges, grant the user access to the database:
+
+```sql
+-- Grant all privileges on the database
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'hostname';
+
+-- Or grant specific privileges
+GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'hostname';
+
+-- Don't forget to apply the changes
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+```
+
+### Solution 2: Verify Database Name and Existence
+
+Confirm that the database exists and check for case sensitivity:
+
+```sql
+-- List all databases
+SHOW DATABASES;
+
+-- Create the database if it doesn't exist
+CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS database_name;
+```
+
+### Solution 3: Check and Fix User Host Configuration
+
+Verify the user's hostname configuration:
+
+```sql
+-- Check existing users and their hosts
+SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'username';
+
+-- Create user with correct hostname if needed
+CREATE USER 'username'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
+
+-- Grant privileges to the new user
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'hostname';
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+```
+
+### Solution 4: Use Wildcard Host
+
+If you're unsure about the connecting host, use a wildcard to allow connections from any host:
+
+```sql
+-- Create user that can connect from anywhere
+CREATE USER 'username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'%';
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+```
+
+### Solution 5: Check MySQL Configuration
+
+Verify the MySQL server configuration:
+
+```sql
+-- Check if skip-grant-tables is enabled
+SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'skip_grant_tables';
+
+-- Check authentication plugins
+SELECT user, host, plugin FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'username';
+```
+
+## Prevention
+
+To prevent this error in the future:
+
+1. **Document user privileges**: Maintain documentation of users' access to databases
+2. **Use a consistent naming convention**: Establish clear rules for database and user names
+3. **Implement least privilege principle**: Grant only necessary permissions for each user
+4. **Regular access audits**: Periodically review and verify user access rights
+5. **Use database roles**: In newer MySQL versions, create roles for different access patterns
+
+## Related MySQL Errors
+
+- **ERROR 1045**: Access denied for user (authentication failure)
+- **[ERROR 1142](/reference/mysql/error/1142-42000-command-denied-to-user)**: Permission denied for specific command
+- **ERROR 1049**: Unknown database
+
+Understanding the difference between these errors helps diagnose permission issues more accurately.

content/reference/mysql/error/_layout.md

@@ -3,4 +3,6 @@
 
 ## [Overview](/reference/mysql/error/overview)
 
+## [ERROR 1044: Access denied for user to database](/reference/mysql/error/1044-access-denied-for-user-to-database)
+
 ## [ERROR 1142 (42000): command denied to user](/reference/mysql/error/1142-42000-command-denied-to-user)