docs: must be owner of schema

Author: tianzhou

content/reference/postgres/error/42501-must-be-owner-of-schema-postgres.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+title: 'ERROR 42501: Must be owner of schema in Postgres'
+---
+
+## Description
+
+This error occurs when a user attempts to perform an operation that requires ownership privileges on a schema. The SQLSTATE code `42501` indicates an "insufficient_privilege" error in PostgreSQL.
+
+## Causes
+
+- User is not the owner of the schema
+- Schemas created by different database roles (e.g., superuser, application users)
+- Permission issues after database migration or backup restoration
+- Attempting to modify system or public schemas without proper privileges
+
+## Solutions
+
+1. **Check current schema ownership**:
+
+   ```sql
+   SELECT nspname AS schema_name, nspowner::regrole AS owner
+   FROM pg_namespace
+   WHERE nspname = 'myschema';
+   ```
+
+2. **Switch to the owner role** (if you have permission):
+
+   ```sql
+   SET ROLE owner_username;
+   ```
+
+3. **Transfer schema ownership** (requires superuser or current owner):
+
+   ```sql
+   ALTER SCHEMA schema_name OWNER TO new_owner;
+   ```
+
+4. **For all objects in a schema**, change ownership individually:
+
+   ```sql
+   -- First change schema owner
+   ALTER SCHEMA schema_name OWNER TO new_owner;
+
+   -- Then change ownership of objects within the schema
+   -- Tables
+   SELECT 'ALTER TABLE ' || schemaname || '.' || tablename || ' OWNER TO new_owner;'
+   FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = 'schema_name';
+
+   -- Views
+   SELECT 'ALTER VIEW ' || schemaname || '.' || viewname || ' OWNER TO new_owner;'
+   FROM pg_views WHERE schemaname = 'schema_name';
+
+   -- Functions
+   SELECT 'ALTER FUNCTION ' || ns.nspname || '.' || p.proname || '(' || pg_get_function_identity_arguments(p.oid) || ') OWNER TO new_owner;'
+   FROM pg_proc p JOIN pg_namespace ns ON p.pronamespace = ns.oid
+   WHERE ns.nspname = 'schema_name';
+   ```
+
+5. **Verify ownership changes**:
+
+   ```sql
+   -- Check schema ownership
+   SELECT nspname AS schema_name, nspowner::regrole AS owner
+   FROM pg_namespace
+   WHERE nspname = 'your_schema';
+
+   -- Check objects within the schema
+   SELECT schemaname, tablename, tableowner
+   FROM pg_tables
+   WHERE schemaname = 'your_schema';
+   ```
+
+<HintBlock type="info">
+
+Many managed database services restrict superuser access. You may need to use the provided admin role or contact support for schema ownership changes.
+
+For more details on Postgres permission management, see [How to Manage Postgres Users and Roles](/blog/how-to-manage-postgres-users-and-roles).
+
+</HintBlock>

content/reference/postgres/error/_layout.md

@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@
 
 ### [ERROR 42501: permission denied for table](/reference/postgres/error/42501-permission-denied-for-table-postgres)
 
+### [ERROR 42501: permission denied to reassign objects](/reference/postgres/error/42501-only-roles-with-privileges-of-role-may-reassign-objects)
+
 ### [ERROR 42501: must be owner of table](/reference/postgres/error/42501-must-be-owner-of-table-postgres)
 
-### [ERROR 42501: permission denied to reassign objects](/reference/postgres/error/42501-only-roles-with-privileges-of-role-may-reassign-objects)
+### [ERROR 42501: must be owner of schema](/reference/postgres/error/42501-must-be-owner-of-schema-postgres)
 
 ## Concurrency & Locking
 

content/reference/postgres/error/overview.md

@@ -121,17 +121,23 @@ These errors relate to user permissions, ownership, and access control issues.
   ERROR: permission denied for table users
   ```
 
+- [**ERROR 42501**](/reference/postgres/error/42501-only-roles-with-privileges-of-role-may-reassign-objects): Permission denied to reassign objects
+
+  ```sql
+  ERROR: permission denied to reassign objects
+  DETAIL: Only roles with privileges of role "[source_role]" may reassign objects owned by it.
+  ```
+
 - [**ERROR 42501**](/reference/postgres/error/42501-must-be-owner-of-table-postgres): Must be owner of table
 
   ```sql
-  ERROR: must be owner of table users
+  ERROR: must be owner of table
   ```
 
-- [**ERROR 42501**](/reference/postgres/error/42501-only-roles-with-privileges-of-role-may-reassign-objects): Permission denied to reassign objects
+- [**ERROR 42501**](/reference/postgres/error/42501-must-be-owner-of-schema-postgres): Must be owner of table
 
   ```sql
-  ERROR: permission denied to reassign objects
-  DETAIL: Only roles with privileges of role "[source_role]" may reassign objects owned by it.
+  ERROR: must be owner of schema
   ```
 
 ## Concurrency & Locking Errors