docs: how to install pg_dump

Author: tianzhou

content/reference/postgres/how-to/_layout.md

@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
 ## [How to ALTER COLUMN TYPE](/reference/postgres/how-to/how-to-alter-column-type-postgres)
 
 ## [How to ADD CONSTRAINT](/reference/postgres/how-to/how-to-add-constraint-postgres)
+
+## [How to install pg_dump](/reference/postgres/how-to/how-to-install-pgdump-on-mac-ubuntu-centos-windows)

content/reference/postgres/how-to/how-to-install-pgdump-on-mac-ubuntu-centos-windows.md

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+---
+title: How to install pg_dump on your Mac, Ubuntu, CentOS, Windows
+---
+
+`pg_dump` is part of the PostgreSQL client utilities and doesn't come as a standalone tool. This guide covers how to install PostgreSQL client tools (including `pg_dump`) on various operating systems.
+
+## Mac OS
+
+### Method 1: Using Homebrew (Recommended)
+
+1. Install Homebrew if you don't have it:
+
+   ```bash
+   /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
+   ```
+
+1. Install PostgreSQL:
+
+   ```bash
+   brew install postgresql
+   ```
+
+1. Verify installation:
+   ```bash
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+### Method 2: Using Postgres.app
+
+1. Download [Postgres.app](https://postgresapp.com/)
+1. Move to Applications folder and open
+1. Add to your PATH:
+   ```bash
+   sudo mkdir -p /etc/paths.d && echo /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/latest/bin | sudo tee /etc/paths.d/postgresapp
+   ```
+1. Restart your terminal
+1. Verify installation:
+   ```bash
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+## Ubuntu
+
+1. Update package lists:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt update
+   ```
+
+1. Install PostgreSQL client:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt install postgresql-client
+   ```
+
+1. Verify installation:
+
+   ```bash
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+   To install a specific PostgreSQL version (e.g., PostgreSQL 14):
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt install postgresql-client-14
+   ```
+
+## CentOS/RHEL
+
+### For CentOS/RHEL 7.x
+
+1. Add PostgreSQL official repository:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
+   ```
+
+1. Install PostgreSQL client:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo yum install -y postgresql14
+   ```
+
+1. Verify installation:
+   ```bash
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+### For CentOS/RHEL 8.x and above
+
+1. Add PostgreSQL official repository:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
+   ```
+
+1. Disable built-in PostgreSQL module:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql
+   ```
+
+1. Install PostgreSQL client:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo dnf install -y postgresql14
+   ```
+
+1. Verify installation:
+   ```bash
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+## Windows
+
+### Method 1: Full PostgreSQL Installation
+
+1. Download the PostgreSQL installer from https://www.postgresql.org/download/windows/
+1. Run the installer and follow the setup wizard
+1. Deselect components you don't need (e.g., pgAdmin, StackBuilder)
+1. Complete the installation
+1. Add PostgreSQL bin directory to your PATH:
+   - Go to Control Panel > System and Security > System > Advanced system settings
+   - Click "Environment Variables"
+   - Edit PATH variable and add: `C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\<version>\bin`
+1. Open a new Command Prompt and verify:
+   ```cmd
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+### Method 2: Using the ZIP Version (Client-Only)
+
+1. Download the ZIP archive from https://www.enterprisedb.com/download-postgresql-binaries
+1. Extract to a location (e.g., `C:\pgsql`)
+1. Add bin directory to PATH:
+   - Go to Control Panel > System and Security > System > Advanced system settings
+   - Click "Environment Variables"
+   - Edit PATH variable and add: `C:\pgsql\bin`
+1. Open a new Command Prompt and verify:
+   ```cmd
+   pg_dump --version
+   ```
+
+## Using pg_dump
+
+Basic usage:
+
+```bash
+pg_dump -h hostname -p port -U username -d dbname -f output.sql
+```
+
+Examples:
+
+```bash
+# Dump in plain SQL format
+pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres -d mydb -f backup.sql
+
+# Dump in custom format (compressed)
+pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres -d mydb -F c -f backup.dump
+
+# Dump schema only
+pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres -d mydb --schema-only -f schema.sql
+
+# Dump specific tables
+pg_dump -h localhost -U postgres -d mydb -t table1 -t table2 -f tables.sql
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Common Issues
+
+1. **Command not found**: Ensure PostgreSQL bin directory is in your PATH
+2. **Permission denied**: Ensure you have proper permissions to run the command
+3. **Connection refused**: Check hostname, port, and ensure PostgreSQL server is running
+4. **Authentication failed**: Verify username and password
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+Setting up environment variables can make using pg_dump easier:
+
+```bash
+export PGHOST=localhost
+export PGPORT=5432
+export PGUSER=postgres
+export PGPASSWORD=yourpassword  # Not recommended for security reasons
+```
+
+For Windows:
+
+```cmd
+set PGHOST=localhost
+set PGPORT=5432
+set PGUSER=postgres
+set PGPASSWORD=yourpassword  # Not recommended for security reasons
+```