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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>Ladies Learning Code</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="framework/css/slideshow.css" data-noprefix>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="framework/css/fonts.css" data-noprefix>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="framework/css/highlightjs/github.css" data-noprefix>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="framework/css/styles.css" data-noprefix>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="framework/img/favicon.ico">
<!-- Takes care of CSS3 prefixes -->
<script src="framework/scripts/prefixfree.min.js"></script>
<!-- opens all links in a new window -->
<base target="_blank">
</head>
<!-- Timer/progress bar: Define the presentation duration using "data-duration" in minutes. -->
<body class="en" data-duration="360">
<main>
<section class="slide welcome highlight">
<h1><img class="logo-stacked" src="framework/img/llc-logo-stacked-white.png" alt="Ladies Learning Code logo">Welcome!</h1>
<div class="instructions">
<!-- ADD WIFI INFO HERE -->
<h2>Get <br>Connected</h2>
<p><strong>Wifi:</strong> Network</p>
<p><strong>Password:</strong> Password</p>
<hr>
<h2>Download<br> & Install</h2>
<ol class="downloads">
<li>Learner files (zip file): <a href="https://github.com/ladieslearningcode/llc-python/archive/master.zip">http://bit.ly/llc-python3</a></p>
<ul>
<li>unzip the learner file (<em>extract all</em> if you’re on a PC)</li>
<li>open <em>slides.html</em> in the browser to view the slides</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Installation Instructions by Platform:</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="installation/windows.html">Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="installation/mac.html">Mac</a></li><br><br>
</ul>
</ol>
</div>
<footer>
<a class="left" rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License"
src="framework/img/cc-by-nc.png" /></a>
<p class="left">Content created by Darcie Milliken for <a
prefix="cc: http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://canadalearningcode.ca" property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL">Canada Learning Code</a></p>
<p class="right">Use the left <span class="arrow">←</span> and right <span class="arrow">→</span>
arrow keys to navigate</p>
</footer>
</section>
<section class="slide intro">
<img class="logo" src="framework/img/llc-logo-white.png" alt="Ladies Learning Code logo">
<h1 class="heading-bg">
<span>Data Insights with Python</span>
</h1>
<!-- FILL IN INSTRUCTOR DETAILS -->
<!--<img class="instructor" src="https://placehold.it/225x225" alt="Instructor Name">
<h2><span class="cursive">with</span> Instructor name</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:">hello@email.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://website.com">website.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://twitter.com/">@twitter</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="sponsor">
<p>In partnership with<br><img src="framework/img/telus-logo-white.svg" alt="Telus"><br><img src="framework/img/logo-accenture.svg"
alt="Accenture"></p>-->
</div>
<footer>
<a class="left" rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License"
src="framework/img/cc-by-nc.png" /></a>
<p class="left">Content created by Darcie Milliken for <a
prefix="cc: http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://canadalearningcode.ca" property="cc:attributionName"
rel="cc:attributionURL">Canada Learning Code</a></p>
<p class="right">Use the left <span class="arrow">←</span> and right <span class="arrow">→</span>
arrow keys to navigate</p>
</footer>
</section>
<section class="slide project" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
# Today’s project
Python can be used for many useful scientific or business applications working with data. But today we'll be doing something fun.
The [Canadian UFO Survey](http://survey.canadianuforeport.com/) is an organisation which has been collecting data about UFO sightings
across Canada since 1989.
They've generously agreed to let us use their data for this workshop (thanks!)
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide agenda" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Agenda
###Morning
* Types
* Variables
* Conditionals & Logic
* Lists
* Loops
###Afternoon
* Working with files
* Libraries
* Dictionaries
* Reading data from a csv file
* Final Project
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown data-toc>
<script type="text/template">
#Coders' code
1. Be friendly and welcoming
1. Be respectful of others by choosing words and actions with care
1. Be mindful of how much space you take up in conversations
1. Ask questions
1. Try your best (and have fun!)
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## What is programming? What is code?
* A program starts out as a text file filled with *commands* we want the computer to execute
* Writing these special files is what we mean when we say "writing code"
* Programming languages like python give us tools to write those commands more easily
* In python these have the file extension `.py`
* Another special program takes the file and translates the python commands into another form the computer can use
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Programming languages
Programming languages give us tools to write commands for our computers to run
For example:
* Do math
* Open a file on your computer
* Search for data in a file
* Download data from a website
* Send emails
* Zip or unzip files
* Work with a database
* and so on!
More: https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/index.html
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide who-uses" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Who uses Python?
* Data Analysis
* Scientific Computing
* Scripting
* Testing
* Web Applications (Django, Flask)
* and some of your favorite websites!
<!-- * Youtube, Reddit, Pinterest, Instagram, Dropbox, The Onion -->
### Why Python Is Awesome
* Free!
* Open source
* Write once, run anywhere
* Great community
* The syntax looks similar to English
* Meaningful errors, easy to debug
* 4th most popular programming language [(SO Survey 2019)](https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019)
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide centered" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
 <!-- .element: style="width: 60%" -->
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide title" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
# Let’s get started!
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide centered" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## PyCharm IDE <br>(Integrated Development Environments)
Use IDEs to write code faster with fewer mistakes.
<br><br>
 <!-- .element: style="width: 60%" -->
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide side-by-side" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Setting up your project files
Open PyCharm and select **Open**.
Navigate to the **llc-intro-to-python-master** folder & select **Choose**.
The project files contained within the folder will now appear in your Project Tool Window. Select the arrows to open the folders within. Today, you will be working from the **exercises** folder (**exercises > fr** for French).
The **reference** folder contains the answer keys.
The other folders & files are needed to make this slide presentation work, so avoid making edits to them!
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Running Python in PyCharm
The console is an interactive tool used to test and debug code and is included in PyCharm! Let’s open the console:
The console will pop up at the bottom of the application. Type code (instructions) after the green `>>>` symbol. This symbol is used to represent a space to enter your input but you don’t have to actually type it.
**Pro tip!** You can also open and close the console by selecting the icon in the lower left of PyCharm.
</script>
</section>
<!-- -------------------- -->
<!-- First Steps -->
<!-- -------------------- -->
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Python can do math
In the console, after the `>>>`, try out these examples.
The command you input after the `>>>` gets *evaluated* and a value is returned back to you.
```
>>> 2 + 2
4
```
```
>>> 2 * 15
30
```
```
>>> 1 / 2
0.5
```
```
>>> 2 ** 3
8
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Data Types
The previous example used the *integer* number **type** but there are many more.
* Integer (`int`, whole numbers)
* Float (`float`, numbers containing decimals)
* String (`str`, words, sentences, literal text)
* Boolean (`True`, `False`)
* [and many more!](http://www.diveintopython3.net/native-datatypes.html)
To display the type, use `type()` and a data value inside the parentheses.
```
>>> type("hello")
<class 'str'>
>>> type(42)
<class 'int'>
>>> type(3.14159)
<class 'float'>
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Printing
The `print()` **function** (more on this later) outputs values to the screen.
Note the syntax in the examples. Quotes should be included when using a *string* data type.
```
>>> print("Hello World!")
Hello World!
```
```
>>> print(2 + 2)
4
```
```
>>> print("2 + 2")
2 + 2
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Concatenation
**Concatenation** is used to "add" strings together by joining multiple strings into one.
```python
>>> print("Hello " + "World!")
Hello World!
```
More than two:
```python
>>> print("Hello " + "Ladies " + "Learning " + "Code!")
Hello Ladies Learning Code!
```
</script>
</section>
<!-- -------------------- -->
<!--Variables-->
<!-- -------------------- -->
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Variables
* Used to store a value to use whenever you need it
* Variables store data in the computer’s memory and a **variable name** is used to fetch their value
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Variables (Continued)
Use the equal (`=`) symbol to **assign** a value to a variable.
```python
>>> x = 5
>>> print(x)
5
```
Python can do math with variables:
```python
>>> x = 5
>>> y = 4
>>> x * y
20
```
You can store almost anything in a variable, including a string:
```python
>>> animal = "python"
>>> print("My favourite animal is a " + animal)
My favourite animal is a python
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Reassigning Variables
Variables can be changed after the initial declaration by "reassigning" them.
#### strings
```python
>>> animal = "hedgehog"
>>> print("My favourite animal is a " + animal)
My favourite animal is a hedgehog
```
#### math
```python
>>> y = 10
>>> x * y
```
What do you think the value of `x * y` will be? <span class="delayed">`50`</span>
Why?<!-- .element: class="delayed" -->
You changed <!-- .element: class="delayed" -->`y`, but the old value of `x` is still in memory.
Python will remember variable names until you close PyCharm or [clear them manually](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#the-del-statement).
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide list-font-default" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## What's in a name?
Here are some tips & best practices for creating variable names:
* variable names can only use letters, numbers and the underscore (`_`)
* no spaces!
* separate words with the underscore `_` symbol
* `ladies_learning_code`
* they cannot begin with a number
* `1day` gives you an error, `day1` will work.
* variable names should describe the data being stored in them
* `animal = "python"` is better than `a = "python"`
* `animal = "python"` is better than `thing = "python"`
</script>
</section>
<!-- -------------------- -->
<!-- Conditionals & Booleans -->
<!-- -------------------- -->
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Conditionals & Logic
When you get ready in the morning you might check the weather to decide what to wear.
 <!-- .element: style="width: 25%" -->
* Is it cold outside? Wear long johns
* Is it raining? Bring an umbrella
When you do this you are evaluating a **condition** (the weather) for true/false value and then making a decision.
Python can do this too.
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Boolean values
Programming languages have **boolean** values called `True` and `False`
They are the result of testing a condition.
### Example
Is it snowing outside? That is either `True` or `False`.
Try this in the console. Create a variable called `weather`
```python
>>> weather = "snowing"
```
Now test it against other weather values.
The double equals symbol (`==`) will check if the value on the right matches the value stored in the variable.
```
>>> weather == "cold"
False
>>> weather == "snowing"
True
>>> weather == "Snowing"
False
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Comparison operators
We used ` == ` to compare strings. How do we compare numbers?
### Comparison Operators
`x == y` : are x and y equal
`x > y` : is x greater than y
`x < y` : is x less than y
`x >= y` : is x greater than or equal to y
`x <= y` : is x less than or equal to y
Try this in the console
```python
>>> x = 4
>>> y = 10
>>> x < y
True
>>> x > y
False
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Conditionals & Logic (Continued)
`if` statements are used to execute different sets of instructions based on the result of a conditional test.
Each `if` statement contains a test. The indented block is the code that will run if the test is `True`
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
```
You can check more than one per `if` block by adding an `elif`.
The `else` block will run if none of the others are true.
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
elif weather == "raining":
print("Bring an umbrella")
else:
print("Who knows?")
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Indentation
In python, indentation is important.
This will not work:
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
```
Python will give you an error:
```python
File "C:/Users/Darcie/Documents/GitHub/llc-intro-to-python/exercises/weather_advice.py", line 3
print("Wear snowpants")
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
```
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Create a python file
Using the console is great for playing around.
For more complex programs we will be writing code in a `.py` file. Let’s create a Python file!
1. Right-click (or two-finger tap) on the **exercises** folder to create a new file. Then select **New > Python File**
1. Enter the name `weather_advice.py` in the popup box.
</script>
</section>
<section class="slide" data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Run a python file
Code in a **.py** file is just text until you **run** it through the Python program.
1. To run the code, click the green arrow symbol.
You can also find it in the menu under **View > Tool Windows > Run**
1. The code will run in your console window.
<br>
You can run your program as many times as you like by repeating the steps above.
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## Exercise : Simple weather advice (10 mins)
In your file `weather_advice.py`:
* Copy this snippet into the file and change the value for the weather.
* Run it a few times with different values
* Add more `elif` blocks with other weather conditions
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
elif weather == "raining":
print("Bring an umbrella")
else:
print("Who knows?")
```
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## Indenting multiple items
To run more than one instruction per item, they must be indented the same amount.
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
print("Wear a touque")
elif weather == "raining":
print("Bring an umbrella")
else:
print("Who knows?")
```
If the indentation is wrong you'll see an error:
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing":
print("Wear snowpants")
print("Wear a touque")
elif weather == "raining":
print("Bring an umbrella")
else:
print("Who knows?")
```
```python
File "C:/Users/Darcie/Documents/GitHub/llc-intro-to-python/exercises/weather_advice.py", line 5
elif weather == "raining":
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
```
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## And / Or
Sometimes, you can’t neatly capture your conditions with one expression. You may need to combine multiple tests to determine what to do next.
`and`: both things must be true
`or`: either one, or both things must be true
### Example
Suppose a piece of advice applies to multiple situations. This indented block will run in either case.
```python
weather = "snowing"
if weather == "snowing" or weather == 'sleet':
print("Wear boots")
```
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## EXERCISE : Temperature (15 mins)
* Add a variable called `temperature` to your program
* Add a temperature condition to each elif block, such as:
* snowing and temperature is less than -40
* snowing and temperature is between -20 and -10
* come up with your own
* Run it a few times with different values
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## Pro Tip! Use Comments
Programmers use **comments** to leave notes for themselves (and other people reading their code in the future)
* Good comments add information that isn’t immediately obvious
* When python is reading your file, it ignores all the comments
```
# Python will ignore anything after the # symbol
```
### Mini Exercise
Add some comments to your python program and run it again
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## Storing Data
Variables allowed us to store one simple piece of data so far.
What about more complex data?
`Data structures` is the fancy term we use to refer to storing that data based on what the data looks like.
* Have a bunch of individual things? → `list` or `array`.
* Example: to-do list
* Have pairs of values that relate to eachother? → `dictionary`.
* Example: A class of students' names and scores on a test
* Have hierarchical data? → `tree`.
* Example: family tree
* Have stuff that needs to be processed in order? → `queue`.
* Example: Coffee orders
* and more!
Further reading and examples: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-structures/
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## Lists
When we have collections of similar individual things, we might store them in a **list**.
To create a list, type a name for the list, then `=`, then put the items in square brackets.
```python
the_name_of_the_list = ['items', 'separated', 'by','commas']
```
#### Examples:
```python
weather_conditions = ['rainy', 'snowing', 'cloudy','sunny','foggy']
provinces = ['BC', 'AB', 'SK','MB','ON','QC','NL,','NB','NS','PE','YT','NT','NU']
to_do_list = ['Water plants','Clean bathroom','Buy shoes','Become Prime Minister', 'Solve climate change']
prime_numbers = [2,3,5,7,11,13]
```
Just like with variables we want to give our lists good, descriptive names.
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## Using Lists
Items in a list can be accessed one at a time.
They are **indexed** (counted) starting at 0.
```python
weather_conditions = ['rainy', 'snowing', 'cloudy','sunny','foggy']
```
Try these in the python console:
```python
>>> weather_conditions[0]
>>> weather_conditions[3]
>>> weather_conditions[10]
```
```python
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range
```
Python cannot find `weather_conditions[10]` because it does not exist.
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## Functions
* Functions are bundles of code that can be re-used
* The bundle of code is given a name, that is the **function name**
* Use the function by calling it by name with parentheses
* Inputs to the function go in the parentheses
* Functions can
* do work and return nothing (like `print()`)
* take **inputs** and can **return** values (like math functions)
### Mini Exercise
What are some examples of functions in other software (such as [excel](https://support.office.com/en-us/article/excel-functions-alphabetical-b3944572-255d-4efb-bb96-c6d90033e188)) that you might be familiar with?
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## Functions for lists
Functions can do more than math.
Suppose we have a list of types of weather.
```python
weather_conditions = ['rainy', 'snowing', 'cloudy','sunny','foggy']
```
What kinds of things could we want to do with this data?
* Add or remove items
* Sort alphabetically
* Find duplicate items
* Count how many items we have
Python provides a number of helpful functions that make these tasks easy.
More: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-on-lists
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## Add Items to a List
To add a new item to a list, use the function `append()`
```python
>>> weather_conditions.append('windy')
```
```python
>>> print(weather_conditions)
```
To remove an item from a list, use the function `remove()`
```python
>>> weather_conditions.remove('sunny')
```
```python
>>> print(weather_conditions)
```
To count the number of items you have, use the function `len()`
```python
>>> len(weather_conditions)
```
These are going to come in handy when we have lists with thousands of items.
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## Loops
One of the most powerful tools we have as programmers is having a computer repeat the same instruction for us many times.
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Python can look at each item in a list in order, and do something with it. We call this **looping** through the list.
### Example
```python
weather_conditions = ['rainy', 'snowing', 'cloudy','sunny','foggy']
for type_of_weather in weather_conditions:
print(type_of_weather)
```
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## EXERCISE : Logic & Lists (20 min)
Let's combine this with what we learned about conditionals.