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docs(cip): replace logical time periods with physical; minor fixes
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‎CIP-0164/README.md‎

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@@ -437,10 +437,10 @@ availability:
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| Characteristic | Symbol | Description | Observed Range by Simulations |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------: |
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| <a id="delta-hdr" href="#delta-hdr"></a>Header propagation | $\Delta_\text{hdr}$ | Time for constant size headers (< 1,500 bytes) to propagate network-wide | <1 slot |
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| <a id="delta-rb" href="#delta-rb"></a>RB diffusion | $\Delta_\text{RB}$ | Complete ranking block propagation and adoption time | <5 slots |
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| <a id="delta-eb-H" href="#delta-eb-H"></a>EB optimistic diffusion | $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{O}}$ | EB **diffusion** time (transmission + processing) under favorable network conditions | 1-3 slots |
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| <a id="delta-eb-A" href="#delta-eb-A"></a>EB worst-case transmission | $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{W}}$ | EB **transmission** time for certified EBs starting from >25% network coverage (processing already completed during voting) | 15-20 slots |
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| <a id="delta-hdr" href="#delta-hdr"></a>Header propagation | $\Delta_\text{hdr}$ | Time for constant size headers (< 1,500 bytes) to propagate network-wide | < 1 second |
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| <a id="delta-rb" href="#delta-rb"></a>RB diffusion | $\Delta_\text{RB}$ | Complete ranking block propagation and adoption time | < 5 seconds |
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| <a id="delta-eb-H" href="#delta-eb-H"></a>EB optimistic diffusion | $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{O}}$ | EB **diffusion** time (transmission + processing) under favorable network conditions | 1-3 seconds |
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| <a id="delta-eb-A" href="#delta-eb-A"></a>EB worst-case transmission | $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{W}}$ | EB **transmission** time for certified EBs starting from >25% network coverage (processing already completed during voting) | 15-20 seconds |
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<em>Table 1: Network Characteristics</em>
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| Characteristic | Symbol | Description | Observed Range by Simulations |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :----------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------: |
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| <a id="delta-reapply" href="#delta-reapply"></a>EB reapplication | $\Delta_\text{reapply}$ | Certified EB reapplication with minimal checks and UTxO updates | <1 slot |
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| <a id="delta-applytxs" href="#delta-applytxs"></a>Transaction validation | $\Delta_\text{applyTxs}$ | Standard Praos transaction validation time for RB processing | ~1 slot |
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| <a id="delta-reapply" href="#delta-reapply"></a>EB reapplication | $\Delta_\text{reapply}$ | Certified EB reapplication with minimal checks and UTxO updates | < 1 second |
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| <a id="delta-applytxs" href="#delta-applytxs"></a>Transaction validation | $\Delta_\text{applyTxs}$ | Standard Praos transaction validation time for RB processing | ~1 second |
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<em>Table 2: Ledger Characteristics</em>
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$$
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**_Voting failure:_** An unlucky set of VRF evaluations might result in
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insufficient voters being selected for a given EB, thus making it
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impossible to certify that EB.
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insufficient voters being selected for a given EB, thus making it impossible to
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certify that EB.
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$$
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p_\text{noquorum} = \text{probability of sufficient voters to achieve a quorum for a given EB}
@@ -1768,13 +1768,13 @@ of transactions, in data that must be stored permanently as the ledger history.
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<div align="center">
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<a name="table-6" id="table-6"></a>
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| Throughput [TxMB/s] | TPS at 1500 B/tx | Conditions | Mempool to EB [s] | Mempool to ledger [s] | Space efficiency [%] |
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| ------------------: | ---------------: | --------------- | ----------------: | --------------------: | -------------------: |
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| 0.050 | 33.3 | light load | 17.5 | 54.0 | 93.9 |
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| 0.100 | 66.7 | moderate load | 18.0 | 54.9 | 95.8 |
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| 0.150 | 100.0 | heavy load | 21.1 | 58.9 | 96.3 |
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| 0.200 | 142.9 | congestion | 130.1 | 171.6 | 95.7 |
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| 0.250 | 166.7 | over capacity | 238.8 | 282.4 | 94.3 |
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| Throughput [TxMB/s] | TPS at 1500 B/tx | Conditions | Mempool to EB [s] | Mempool to ledger [s] | Space efficiency [%] |
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| ------------------: | ---------------: | ------------- | ----------------: | --------------------: | -------------------: |
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| 0.050 | 33.3 | light load | 17.5 | 54.0 | 93.9 |
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| 0.100 | 66.7 | moderate load | 18.0 | 54.9 | 95.8 |
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| 0.150 | 100.0 | heavy load | 21.1 | 58.9 | 96.3 |
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| 0.200 | 142.9 | congestion | 130.1 | 171.6 | 95.7 |
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| 0.250 | 166.7 | over capacity | 238.8 | 282.4 | 94.3 |
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<em>Table 6: Leios efficiency at different throughputs</em>
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@@ -1978,11 +1978,11 @@ block is being generated or validated. A more nuanced model of CPU usage in the
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simulators would account for Plutus execution explicitly, but the linear models
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described above are used to account for Plutus workloads implicitly. The
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following plot of simulation results limit each node to 4 vCPU cores and suggest
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that workloads of 10<sup>13</sup> Plutus execution steps per EB may be feasible: this is
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500 times the current Cardano mainnet limit of 2×10<sup>10</sup> steps for Praos blocks. The
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subsequent plot shows the 4 vCPUs becoming progressively more saturated with
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heavier Plutus execution. Although these results suggest that Leios's
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_block-level_ Plutus budget can safely be 2000 billion steps, it is
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that workloads of 10<sup>13</sup> Plutus execution steps per EB may be feasible:
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this is 500 times the current Cardano mainnet limit of 2×10<sup>10</sup> steps
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for Praos blocks. The subsequent plot shows the 4 vCPUs becoming progressively
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more saturated with heavier Plutus execution. Although these results suggest
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that Leios's _block-level_ Plutus budget can safely be 2000 billion steps, it is
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important to remember that this is for conditions where honest nodes faithfully
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and promptly diffuse the transactions requiring the relatively expensive phase 2
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(Plutus) validation: adversarial nodes could attempt to delay diffusion of
@@ -2043,12 +2043,15 @@ consider the following example based on simulated network measurements:
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**Given Network Characteristics:**
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- $\Delta_\text{hdr} = 1$ slot, $\Delta_\text{RB} = 5$ slots (Cardano mainnet
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assumption for Praos security)
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- $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{O}} = 7$ slots (EB diffusion: transmission +
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processing), $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{W}} = 15$ slots (EB transmission time
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for certified EBs)
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- $\Delta_\text{reapply} = 1$ slot (EB reapplication time)
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Based on the [network timing measurements](#network-characteristics):
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- $\Delta_\text{hdr} = 1$ second, $\Delta_\text{RB} = 5$ seconds - Cardano
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mainnet assumption for Praos security
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- $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{O}} = 3$ seconds - EB diffusion: transmission +
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processing
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- $\Delta_\text{EB}^{\text{W}} = 15$ seconds - EB transmission time for
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certified EBs
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- $\Delta_\text{reapply} = 1$ second - EB reapplication time
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**Timing Parameter Calibration:**
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broader SPO participation and higher security. The committee size should be
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large enough that fluctuations in committee membership do not create an
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appreciable probability of an adversarial quorum when the adversarial stake is
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just under 50%. The quorum size should be kept just large enough above 50% so that
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those same fluctuations do not prevent an honest quorum. Larger committees
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just under 50%. The quorum size should be kept just large enough above 50% so
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that those same fluctuations do not prevent an honest quorum. Larger committees
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require more network traffic, of course.
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<a name="operating-costs"></a>**Operating costs**
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10,000-node Leios network can be computed from the cost per node. Storage costs
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increase each month as the ledger becomes larger.
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Throughput Average-size transactions Small transactions Per-node operation Per-node storage 10k-node network<br/>(first year) 10k-node network<br/>(first year)
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<chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
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<div align="center">
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<a name="table-8" id="table-8"></a>
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