chore(deps): update dependency protobuf to v33.1 (#1926)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| [protobuf](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf) |
bazel_dep | minor | `33.0` -> `33.1` |

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>protocolbuffers/protobuf (protobuf)</summary>

###
[`v33.1`](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v33.1):
Protocol Buffers v33.1

### Announcements

- [Protobuf News](https://protobuf.dev/news/) may include additional
announcements or pre-announcements for upcoming changes.

### C++

- Fix `Any` hasbit consistency issue in OSS.
([#&#8203;24400](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/24400))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@59db671)

### Java

- Expose NestedInFileClass naming helpers for Java immutable.
([#&#8203;24401](https://redirect.github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/24401))
(protocolbuffers/protobuf@5737cd2)

</details>

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examples/grpc_example/MODULE.bazel

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ bazel_dep(name = "cgrindel_bazel_starlib", version = "0.27.0")
 
 # Required by custom swift proto compiler plugin:
 bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib", version = "1.8.2")
-bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = "33.0")
+bazel_dep(name = "protobuf", version = "33.1")
 
 # Required for proto_library targets:
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_proto", version = "7.1.0")